Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis of Mediterranean diet for patients with NAFLD
| First author, year | Location | Design | N | Age | BMI | Duration | Test diet | Control diet | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational | |||||||||
| Aller, 2019 [14] | Spain | Cross-sectional | 115/881 | 47.4 ± 37.2 | 34.3 ± 5.8 | – | – | – | Low vs. high steatosis |
| Baratta, 2017 [15] | Italy | Cross-sectional | 361/223 | 56.2 ± 12.4 | 30.0 ± 5.1 | – | – | – | HS |
| Chan, 2015 [16] | China | Cross-sectional | 332/465 | 48.1 ± 10.6 | 23.6 ± 3.3 | – | – | – | HS |
| Khalatbari, 2019 [17] | England | Cross-sectional | 4398/5247 | 48.9 ± 7.4 | 26.5 ± 4.5 | – | – | – | HS |
| Khalatbari, 2019 [17] | Switzerland | Cross-sectional | 1709/2248 | 57.0 ± 10.4 | 25.7 ± 4.2 | – | – | – | HS |
| Kontogianni, 2014 [18] | Greece | Case-control | 72/44 | 44.6 ± 12.0 | 28.2 ± 3.8 | – | – | – | HS |
| Ma, 2018 [19] | USA | Prospective cohort | 745 /776 | 51 ± 10 | 27.6 ± 5.1 | 6 y | – | – | HS |
| RCT | |||||||||
| Abenavoli, 2017 [20] | Italy | Parallel | 20/102 | 43 ± 23.7 | 30 ± 4.44 | 6 mon | Hypocaloric Med diet | Hypocaloric diet | Weight, BMI, WC, BP, TC, TG, LDL, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, GGT, HS |
| Biolato, 2019 [21] | Italy | One-arm crossover | 18/12 | 42.7 | 30.9 ± 3.6 | 16 wk | Hypocaloric Med diet | Hypocaloric low-fat diet | Weight, BMI, WC, BP, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FBG, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, GGT |
| Katsagoni, 2018 [22] | Greece | Parallel | 21/21 | 45.5 ± 14.7 | 29.8 ± 1.9 | 6 mon | Med diet | Healthy diet | Weight, BMI, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT, GGT |
| Misciagna, 2017 [23] | Italy | Parallel | 50/48 | – | – | 6 mon | Low-glycemic index Med diet | Control diet | HS |
| Properzi, 2018 [24] | Australia | Parallel | 24/24 | 52 ± 11.3 | 30.9 ± 4.9 | 12 wk | Med diet | Low-fat diet | Weight, BMI, WC, BP, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT,GGT, HS |
| Ryan, 2017 [25] | Australia | Crossover | 12/12 | 55 ± 14 | 32.0 ± 4.2 | 6 wk | Med diet | Low-fat high-carbohydrate diet | Weight, BMI, WC, BP, TG, HDL, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT, GGT, HS |
1Numbers are related to the males and females, respectively. 2Numbers are related to Mediterranean diet and control groups, respectively
Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, WC waist circumference