. 2020 May 20;5(21):12486–12494. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01352

Table 3. Parameters Obtained from Gompertz Model for Compounds Measured from Fermentation.

kinetic parameters	treatment condition	ethanol	α-GPC	lactic acid	acetic acid	succinic acid	betaine	glycerol	PEA
A_max (g/L)	WWF	69.6^a^,^b± 1.9	1.33^b± 0.15	0.44^a± 0.10	1.26^a^,^b± 0.25	0.65^a± 0.10	0.60^a^,^b± 0.05	9.96^b± 0.38	0.54^b± 0.03
	ELF	72.1^a± 2.0	1.35^b± 0.17	0.72^a± 0.02	1.54^a^,^b± 0.08	0.49^a± 0.01	0.22^c± 0.03	8.27^b± 0.30	0.93^a± 0.03
	PLF	66.1^a^,^b± 3.8	1.68^a± 0.15	0.70^a± 0.08	1.74^a± 0.07	0.58^a± 0.07	0.63^a± 0.04	13.0^a± 1.1	0.84^a± 0.05
	PCF	60.3^b± 1.6	1.37^b± 0.05	0.57^a± 0.07	0.98^b± 0.08	0.45^a± 0.04	0.45^b± 0.03	7.40^b± 0.57	0.60^b± 0.02
R_max (g/L/h)	WWF	17.6^a± 4.9	0.34^a± 0.08	0.07^a± 0.02	0.06^a± 0.03	0.25^a± 0.05	0.32^a± 0.02	4.39^a± 0.28	0.03^a± 0.01
	ELF	2.93^b± 0.36	0.48^a± 0.15	0.08^a± 0.05	0.28^a± 0.11	0.25^a± 0.02	0.05^b± 0.02	2.33^b± 0.17	0.03^a± 0.00
	PLF	3.69^b± 0.66	0.39^a± 0.06	0.06^a± 0.03	0.13^a± 0.06	0.20^a± 0.06	0.19^a^,^b± 0.07	0.78^c± 0.33	0.02^a± 0.00
	PCF	9.1^a^,^b± 2.4	0.41^a± 0.05	0.09^a± 0.04	0.02^a± 0.00	0.07^a± 0.03	0.16^b± 0.01	1.83^b^,^c± 0.33	0.01^a± 0.00
L (h)	WWF	4.8^b± 2.0	ND	8.1^a± 5.0	1.94^a± 0.92	15.9^a±2.7	ND	11.7^a± 4.5	9.2^a± 9.0
	ELF	2.28^b± 0.82	ND	2.22^a± 0.72	2.43^a± 0.36	9.7^a^,^b± 1.2	ND	1.73^a± 0.04	2.08^a± 0.72
	PLF	3.61^b± 0.62	ND	6.8^a± 2.1	2.87^a± 0.63	8.9^a^,^b± 1.8	ND	6.7^a± 4.3	0.53^a± 0.53
	PCF	20.0^a± 1.3	ND	13.7^a± 4.0	4.2^a± 1.5	5.3^b± 3.2	ND	24^a± 11	4.6^a± 1.8

Values were determined in four replicates, and the values are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4).

Values followed by different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

A_max: potential maximum fermentation accumulation; R_max: maximum fermentation productivity rate or productivity; L: lag phase; ND: not detected.