Table 2.
Comparison of the demographic and clinical data of patients in each group
| Group | Age (year) | Gender (male/female) | BMI (kg/m2) | Disease course (year) | FPG (mmol/l) | TG (mmol/l) | TC (mmol/l) | HbA1c (%) | FINS (mIU/I) | HOMA-IR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | 50.85±5.20 | 28/32 | 21.81±2.20 | – | 5.14 ± 0.83 | 1.47±0.17 | 4.28±0.49 | 4.92±0.46 | 5.38±0.54 | 1.29±0.08 |
| NDR | 50.23±3.81 | 23/17 | 21.78±1.84 | 4.27±0.72 | 6.15±0.58* | 1.50±0.14 | 4.40±0.51 | 6.61±0.59* | 5.41±0.65 | 1.57±0.10* |
| NPDR | 50.73±3.80 | 28/32 | 22.07±2.73 | 9.55±1.57# | 7.42±0.31*,# | 1.52±0.28 | 4.50±0.75 | 7.31±0.28*,# | 5.46±0.79 | 1.61±0.28* |
| PDR | 51.40±3.93 | 26/24 | 22.61±3.12 | 12.68±1.43#,& | 8.51±0.44*,#,& | 1.55±0.26 | 4.57±0.73 | 8.00±0.34*,#,& | 5.51±0.63 | 1.84±0.23*,#,& |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or number. Multiple comparisons were made using ANOVA followed by Tamhane’s T2 tests, while the gender distribution among groups were evaluated by using Chi-square test
HC healthy control, NDR DM without DR patients, NPDR non-proliferative DR, PDR proliferative DR, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TG triacylglycerol, TC total cholesterol, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, FINS fasting insulin, HOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
*P < 0.05 compared with HC group; #P < 0.05 compared with NDR group; &P < 0.05 compared with NPDR group