Table 3.
Effect of exercise in the two study populations ≥40 years of age
| The HITTS study (n = 62) | The TEX study (n = 35) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIT group (n = 31) Mean ± SD |
MICT group (n = 31) Mean ± SD |
Mean difference between groups [95%CI] | t-test p-value | HIT group (n = 16) Mean ± SD |
Control group (n = 19) Mean ± SD | Mean difference between groups [95%CI] | t-test p-value | |||||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
| Gender (count) | Women:9, Men: 22 | Women:7, Men: 24 | Women:5, men:11 | Women:4, men; 15 | ||||||||
| Time after heart transplant at inclusion | 11 ± 1.8 (weeks) | 11.2 ± 1.8 (weeks) | 4.3 ± 2.4 (years) | 4.1 ± 2.3 (years) | ||||||||
| VO2peak (ml/kg/min) | 19.0 ± 3.9 | 23.3 ± 5.5 | 20.4 ± 4.8 | 23.5 ± 6.2 | 1.2 [− 0.7, 3.1] | 0.215 | 28.0 ± 6.0 | 30.0 ± 5.6 | 28.3 ± 6.0 | 28.1 ± 6.2 | 2.2 [0.6, 3.8] | 0.008 |
| %VO2exp | 53.7 ± 11.5 | 66.0 ± 14.7 | 58.0 ± 12.4 | 66.7 ± 14.5 | 3.5 [− 1.8, 8.7] | 0.190 | 86.6 ± 20.5 | 92.8 ± 18.5 | 84.2 ± 19.4 | 84.4 ± 19.4 | 6.1 [0.5, 11.6] | 0.033 |
| Quadriceps muscular exercise capacity (J) | 2072 ± 816 | 2997 ± 1161 | 2560 ± 1133 | 2986 ± 1067 | 499 [65, 932] | 0.025 | 3070 ± 1183 | 3383 ± 1058 | 2840 ± 781 | 3022 ± 937 | 131 [− 193, 456] | 0.416 |
| Quadriceps maximum strength (Nm) | 179 ± 74 | 228 ± 80 | 195 ± 63 | 232 ± 65 | 12 [− 14, 38] | 0.363 | 267 ± 72 | 259 ± 72 | 237 ± 68 | 225 ± 59 | 4 [−15, 22] | 0.690 |
SD Standard deviation, HITTS High-intensity Interval Training in heart Transplant recipients in Scandinavia, TEX, Transplant EXercise; HIT, high-intensity interval training; MICT, moderate intensity continuous training; %VO2exp, percentage of expected VO2 peak level according to age, J Joule, Nm Newton meter