Table 1.
Participant characteristics and past history. CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CYP3A4, cytochrome P450 3A4; IQR, inter-quartile range; LV, left ventricular; NYHA, New York Heart Association; sd, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
| Characteristic | Placebo (n=67) |
Sildenafil (n=58) |
Overall (n=125) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Demography | ||||||
| Sex (female) | 10 | 14.93 | 14 | 24.14 | 24 | 19.2 |
| Age (yr) (mean, range) | 72 | (52, 88) | 72 | (54, 88) | 72 | (52, 88) |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 30.9 | (26.6, 36.3) | 31.1 | (27.7, 35.4) | 31 | (27.1, 35.7) |
| AKI risk score (median, IQR) |
30.1 |
(25.8, 40) |
29.6 |
(24.5, 38) |
29.95 |
(25.6, 39.8) |
| Cardiac disease | ||||||
| NYHA class | ||||||
| I | 7 | 10.45 | 7 | 12.07 | 14 | 11.20 |
| II | 50 | 74.63 | 37 | 63.79 | 87 | 69.60 |
| III | 8 | 11.94 | 11 | 18.97 | 19 | 15.20 |
| IV | 1 | 1.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 3 | 5.17 | 4 | 3.20 |
| CCS class | ||||||
| Asymptomatic | 21 | 31.34 | 19 | 32.76 | 40 | 32.00 |
| I | 27 | 40.30 | 19 | 32.76 | 46 | 36.80 |
| II | 15 | 22.39 | 15 | 25.86 | 30 | 24.00 |
| III | 1 | 1.49 | 3 | 5.17 | 4 | 3.20 |
| IV | 1 | 1.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 |
| Missing | 2 | 2.99 | 2 | 3.45 | 4 | 3.20 |
| LV function | ||||||
| Good (>49%) | 47 | 70.15 | 37 | 63.79 | 84 | 67.20 |
| Moderate (30–49%) | 16 | 23.88 | 19 | 32.76 | 35 | 28.00 |
| Poor (<30%) | 3 | 4.48 | 2 | 3.45 | 5 | 4.00 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 |
| >50% disease in left main stem | 4 | 5.97 | 5 | 8.62 | 9 | 7.20 |
| ≤50% disease in left main stem | 63 | 94.03 | 51 | 87.93 | 114 | 91.20 |
| Missing | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 3.45 | 2 | 1.60 |
| Coronary disease | ||||||
| None | 24 | 35.82 | 12 | 20.69 | 36 | 28.80 |
| Number of vessels | ||||||
| Single | 14 | 20.90 | 12 | 20.69 | 26 | 20.80 |
| Double | 5 | 7.46 | 12 | 20.69 | 17 | 13.60 |
| Triple | 23 | 34.33 | 20 | 34.48 | 43 | 34.40 |
| Missing |
1 |
1.49 |
2 |
3.45 |
2 |
2.40 |
| Blood and urine results | ||||||
| Haemoglobin (mean, sd) | 128.8 | 20.1 | 129.6 | 17.5 | 129.2 | 18.8 |
| Haematocrit (mean, sd) | 37.8 | 5.5 | 38.3 | 4.8 | 38.0 | 5.2 |
| Platelets (median, IQR) | 203 | (168, 245) | 194 | (164.5, 237.5) | 196 | (166, 238) |
| Serum creatinine (median, IQR) | 89 | (73, 103) | 92 | (79, 110) | 90 | (75, 106) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mean, sd) |
75.6 |
23.6 |
70.7 |
20.1 |
73.3 |
22.1 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| Yes | 24 | 35.82 | 26 | 44.83 | 50 | 40.00 |
| No | 42 | 62.69 | 32 | 55.17 | 74 | 59.20 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 |
| Diet | ||||||
| Yes | 4 | 5.97 | 3 | 5.17 | 7 | 5.60 |
| Not applicable | 43 | 64.18 | 32 | 55.17 | 75 | 60.00 |
| Missing | 20 | 29.85 | 23 | 39.66 | 43 | 34.40 |
| Oral | ||||||
| Yes | 14 | 20.90 | 17 | 29.31 | 31 | 24.80 |
| Not applicable | 43 | 64.18 | 32 | 55.17 | 75 | 60.00 |
| Missing | 10 | 14.93 | 9 | 15.52 | 19 | 15.20 |
| Insulin | ||||||
| Yes | 7 | 10.45 | 7 | 12.07 | 14 | 11.20 |
| Not applicable | 43 | 64.18 | 32 | 55.17 | 75 | 60.00 |
| Missing | 17 | 25.37 | 19 | 32.76 | 36 | 28.80 |
| Pacemaker | ||||||
| Yes | 4 | 5.97 | 5 | 8.62 | 9 | 7.20 |
| No | 62 | 92.54 | 53 | 91.38 | 115 | 92.00 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 |
| Temporary | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| Permanent | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1.49 | 5 | 8.62 | 6 | 4.80 |
| Not applicable | 63 | 94.03 | 53 | 91.38 | 116 | 92.80 |
| Missing | 3 | 4.48 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.40 |
| CVA or TIA | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | 2.99 | 1 | 1.72 | 3 | 2.40 |
| No | 64 | 95.52 | 56 | 96.55 | 120 | 96.00 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 1 | 1.72 | 2 | 1.60 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current | 5 | 7.46 | 2 | 3.45 | 7 | 5.60 |
| Never | 15 | 22.39 | 17 | 29.31 | 32 | 25.60 |
| Ex (>1 month) | 46 | 68.66 | 38 | 65.52 | 84 | 67.20 |
| Missing | 1 | 1.49 | 1 | 1.72 | 2 | 1.60 |
| Redo cardiac surgery | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | 2.99 | 4 | 6.90 | 6 | 4.80 |
| No | 65 | 97.01 | 54 | 93.10 | 119 | 95.20 |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||||
| Yes | 8 | 11.94 | 12 | 20.69 | 20 | 16.00 |
| No | 58 | 86.57 | 46 | 79.31 | 104 | 83.20 |
| Missing |
1 |
1.49 |
0 |
0.00 |
1 |
0.80 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Nitrates until operating theatre | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | 2.99 | 3 | 5.17 | 5 | 4.00 |
| No | 4 | 5.97 | 3 | 5.17 | 7 | 5.60 |
| Not applicable | 61 | 91.04 | 52 | 89.66 | 113 | 90.40 |
| Clexane® within 12 h before operation | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| No | 6 | 8.96 | 6 | 10.34 | 12 | 9.60 |
| Not applicable | 61 | 91.04 | 52 | 89.66 | 113 | 90.40 |
| Anti-platelet agents and dual anti-platelet for 5 days before operation | ||||||
| Yes | 5 | 7.46 | 2 | 3.45 | 7 | 5.60 |
| No | 1 | 1.49 | 4 | 6.90 | 5 | 4.00 |
| Not applicable | 61 | 91.04 | 52 | 89.66 | 113 | 90.40 |
| CYP3A4 inhibitors within last month | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| No | 6 | 8.96 | 6 | 10.34 | 12 | 9.60 |
| Not applicable | 61 | 91.04 | 52 | 89.66 | 113 | 90.40 |