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. 2020 Apr 24;20(1):173–185. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8687

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Copyright: © Qian et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Core molecular pathways associated with the regulation of melanin production in melanocytes. Genes encoding specific melanogenic enzymes, including TYP, TRP1 and TRP2, are regulated by the MITF transcription factor, which is in turn regulated by a number of important signaling pathways, including α-MSH/MC1F (purple), KIT/SCF (blue) and Wnt/frizzled (red). Signal transduction is mediated by cAMP/PKA, RAS/MEK/ERK and β-catenin pathways. cAMP, cyclic AMP; MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase; Wnt, wingless-related integration site; LRP5/6, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; AXIN, axis inhibitor; APC, adenomatous polyposis coli; SCF, stem cell factor; MC1R, melanocyte-specific melanocortin-1 receptor; α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; ASP, agonist stimulating protein; TRP1, tyrosinase related protein-1; TRP2, tyrosinase related protein-2; PKA, protein kinase A; MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; CREB, cAMP response element binding protein.