TABLE 3. Missed congenital syphilis prevention opportunities among mothers of infants with congenital syphilis in the South and West U.S. Census regions,* by race/ethnicity† — United States, 2018.
| Missed prevention opportunity |
Census region and race/ethnicity
No. (%§) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South |
West |
|||||
| White |
Black |
Hispanic |
White |
Black |
Hispanic |
|
| No timely prenatal care and no timely syphilis testing | 37 (31.6) | 68 (19.7) | 26 (13.0) | 56 (43.1) | 37 (43.0) | 81 (41.8) |
| No timely syphilis testing despite receipt of timely prenatal care |
7 (6.0) |
26 (7.5) |
14 (7.0) |
17 (13.1) |
6 (7.0) |
23 (11.9) |
| No adequate maternal treatment despite a timely syphilis diagnosis |
28 (23.9) |
128 (37.0) |
74 (37.0) |
38 (29.2) |
26 (30.2) |
57 (29.4) |
| Late identification of seroconversion during pregnancy¶ |
18 (15.4) |
34 (9.8) |
19 (9.5) |
7 (5.4) |
4 (4.7) |
14 (7.2) |
|
Missed prevention opportunity not identified
| ||||||
| Clinical evidence of congenital syphilis despite adequate maternal treatment completion** |
5 (4.3) |
17 (4.9) |
9 (4.5) |
3 (2.3) |
2 (2.3) |
2 (1.0) |
| Insufficient information†† |
22 (18.8) |
73 (21.1) |
58 (29.0) |
9 (6.9) |
11 (12.8) |
17 (8.8) |
| Total | 117 | 346 | 200 | 130 | 86 | 194 |
* South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
† White and black mothers were non-Hispanic; Hispanic mothers might be of any race.
§ Percentages might not sum to 100 because of rounding.
¶ Must have had negative syphilis test early in pregnancy and a positive syphilis test <30 days before delivery, at day of delivery, or ≤90 days after delivery to be classified as having a seroconversion during pregnancy.
** Infant indications of infection include direct detection of Treponema pallidum by dark field microscopy or special stains; a reactive nontreponemal test and any one of these signs or symptoms of congenital syphilis: condyloma lata, snuffles, syphilitic rash, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice/hepatitis, pseudoparalysis, or edema on physical exam; long bone radiograph findings consistent with congenital syphilis; abnormal protein or white blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid; reactive venereal disease research laboratory test in the cerebrospinal fluid.
†† Insufficient information submitted to CDC related to maternal prenatal care, testing, or treatment to categorize.