TABLE 1.

Drugs shown to influence renal development

Drug	Effect of Maternal Treatment During Pregnancy on Fetal Kidney Development	Effect of Maternal Treatment While Breastfeeding on Neonatal Kidney Development
Aminoglycosides	Tubular alterations, low nephron count	Tubular damage, low nephron count
Cyclosporin A Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors	Low nephron count, tubular alterations	Glomerular and tubular injury
ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs) Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)	Renal insufficiency	Atrophy of renal papilla, tubular alterations, low nephron count
Dexamethasone	Altered tubular transporters, low nephron count	No effect
Furosemide	Renal concentrating defect	No effect
Anti-epileptic drugs	Increased likelihood of congenital malformations (MCDK)*	No effect
Mycophenolate Mofetil	Renal agenesis, ectopia	No effect
Adriamycin	Bladder agenesis, hydronephrosis	No effect
Cyclophosphamide	Hydronephrosis	No effect

Note. This table has been adapted from Schreuder, 2011.⁶