TABLE 4.
Impulsive Behaviors and Psychiatric History of University Students Based on Nonmedical Use of Prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers
| Variable | Students Who Currently Misuse Prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers (n = 73) | Students Who Have Misused Prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers in the Past (n = 94) | Students Who Have Never Misused Prescription Sedative/Tranquilizers (n = 3358) | StatisticLikelihood Ratio | P Value | Effect Size Cramer V |
| Amount of caffeinated soft drinks consumed over the past week, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 34 (47.2) | 40 (43.5) | 1590 (48.2) | LR = 22.345; df = 10 | 0.011 | 0.070 |
| 1 to 2 drinks | 13 (18.1) | 30 (32.6) | 1076 (32.6) | |||
| 3 to 6 drinks | 12 (16.7) | 12 (13.0) | 420 (12.7) | |||
| 7 to 12 drinks | 5 (6.9) | 6 (6.5) | 145 (4.3) | |||
| 13 to 23 drinks | 6 (8.3) | 3 (3.3) | 47 (1.4) | |||
| 24 or more drinks | 2 (2.8) | 1 (1.1) | 24 (0.7) | |||
| Gambling disorder? | 3 (20.0) | 1 (6.7) | 10 (3.7) | LR = 5.207; df = 2 | 0.074 | 0.169 |
| Positive screen | ||||||
| Binge eating disorder? | 4 (5.6) | 5 (5.8) | 74 (2.3) | LR = 5.208 | 0.074 | 0.045 |
| Positive screen | ||||||
| Has been treated for drug/alcohol use problems | 7 (9.7) | 14 (15.2) | 41 (1.2) | LR = 55.832; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.190 |
| Yes | ||||||
| Has been treated for psychological/emotional problems | ||||||
| Yes | 43 (59.7) | 53 (57.6) | 930 (28.4) | LR = 61.364; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.141 |
| Currently taking prescribed mental health mediation (s) | 34 (47.2) | 32 (34.8) | 408 (12.4) | LR = 77.313; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.176 |
| Yes | ||||||
| Has used drugs in order to lose weight | 19 (39.6) | 13 (23.6) | 103 (6.8) | LR = 51.885; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.226 |
| Yes | ||||||
| PHQ-9 Total | ||||||
| Score of 10 or more | 13 (18.1) | 6 (6.8) | 134 (4.2) | LR = 19.837; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.098 |
| PTSD | ||||||
| Positive screen | 33 (46.5) | 23 (25.3) | 434 (13.4) | LR = 51.849; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.144 |
| Anxiety total | ||||||
| Grouped | ||||||
| No Anxiety (score 0–4) | 18 (25.0) | 34 (37.8) | 1897 (59.5) | LR = 67.314; df = 6 | <0.001 * | 0.114 |
| Mild (score 5–9) | 21 (29.2) | 36 (40.0) | 751 (23.5) | |||
| Moderate (score 10–14) | 13 (18.1) | 11 (12.2) | 348 (10.9) | |||
| Severe (score 15–21) | 20 (27.8) | 9 (10.0) | 193 (8.1) | |||
| ADHD | 28 (39.4) | 27 (29.7) | 535 (16.7) | LR = 28.440; df = 2 | <0.001 * | 0.101 |
| Positive screen | ||||||
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale | 22 (31.0) | 19 (21.1) | 450 (14.3) | LR = 15.173; df = 2 | 0.001 * | 0.074 |
| Less than 15 | ||||||
Data refer to N (percentage).
*P < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected.
PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.