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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Trauma. 2019 Dec 5;14(5):883–893. doi: 10.1037/tra0000525

Table 2.

Means and Standard Deviations of Outcomes at Three Time Points for PTSD Groups

Immediate Treatment
Waitlist (Delayed Treatment)
Time 1: Time 2: Time 3: Time 1: Time 2: Time 3:
Baseline 1-month 6-month Baseline 8-week 1-month
Post-Treatment Follow-up Follow-up Post-Treatment
n = 47 n = 23 n = 20 n = 33 n = 27 n = 11
M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD
Respiration measures:
 End-tidal pCO2 (mmHg) 38.53 3.45 37.10 6.22 39.33 5.14 38.27 4.72 37.26 4.75 35.81 4.11
 Respiration rate (breaths per min) 16.22 4.11 10.21 4.06 10.42 4.55 16.24 3.91 16.56 4.28 11.75 3.30
CAPS total 70.17 22.89 59.65 26.80 57.70 30.63 69.24 26.51 62.70 24.25 50.82 26.90
CAPS hyperarousal 24.19 6.80 20.70 7.92 20.20 9.53 24.85 6.79 20.70 8.60 18.45 7.93
Beck Depression Inventory 20.14 11.04 19.50 14.13 16.58 12.64 20.0 11.50 17.0 11.98 18.27 12.83
Aggression Questionnaire 80.82 22.86 72.25 21.55 70.53 21.43 78.72 21.17 73.81 20.35 73.82 26.22
Sleep measuresa:
 Sleep quality 10.77 3.71 10.00 3.98 9.83 4.24 12.41 4.28 12.32 4.00 10.80 4.73
 PTSD-specific sleep quality 7.65 4.66 6.31 5.61 7.05 5.17 7.77 5.69 5.00 4.42 6.00 5.27
 Self-reported sleep onset latencyb (mins) 39.01 40.32 25.31 25.94 23.88 17.76 40.64 31.15 39.60 22.50 32.73 23.49
Self-reported total sleep timeb (hours) 5.75 1.66 5.50 1.33 5.56 1.66 5.17 1.62 5.36 1.70 5.80 1.84

Note: pCO2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide; mmHg = millimeters of mercury; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale.

a

Three Immediate treatment and one Waitlist subject were excluded from sleep analyses due to reported untreated sleep apnea.

b

Derived from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.