Table 1.
Summary of Students’ Engagement Strategies
| Category | Author (year) | Paper type | Strategy/technique |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technology based strategies | |||
| Online | Barnes [20] (2017) | Innovative | Kahoot in the classroom |
| Broussard et al. [23] (2018) | Discussion | Online teaching | |
| Daroszewski et al. [24] (2004) | Discussion | Online tiered discussion | |
| Dickson [26] (2016) | Innovative | Asynchronous discussion boards | |
| Johnston et al. [27] (2018) | Quasi-experimental | Posting videos on YouTube | |
| Turner et al. [22] (2018) | Discussion | Online computer games | |
| Giddens et al. [28] (2010) | Quasi-experimental | Virtual community | |
| Shuster et al. [30] (2011) | Discussion | Virtual community | |
| Offline | Fifer [33] (2012) | Quasi-experimental | Clickers |
| Berry [32] (2009) | Quasi-experimental | Clickers | |
| Filer [35] (2010) | Quasi-experimental | Audience response system | |
| Moredich et al. [31] (2007) | Description | Classroom response system | |
| Mordhorst [34] (2010) | Description | Student response system | |
| Revell et al. [36] (2010) | Quasi-experimental | Personal response system | |
| Aul et al. [37] (2018) | Qualitative | Barcode scanning | |
| Collaborative strategies | |||
| Team-based | Dearnley et al. [40] (2018) | Discussion | Team-based learning |
| Oldland et al. [41] (2017) | Description | Team-based learning | |
| Bramble et al. [42] (2018) | Qualitative | Interdisciplinary partnership | |
| Burgess et al. [43] (2015) | Qualitative | Collaborative testing | |
| D’Souza et al. [44] (2013) | Discussion | Faculty-student interaction | |
| Raines [45] (2010) | Innovative | Crossword puzzles | |
| Service-based | Hart [46] (2015) | Discussion | Service-based learning |
| Taylor et al. [47] (2017) | Innovative | Service-based learning | |
| Peer-based | Casey et al. [49] (2011) | Qualitative | Peer assessment |
| Welsh [50] (2007) | Discussion | Peer assessment | |
| Simulation based strategies | Power et al. [51] (2016) | Qualitative | Simulation with manikins |
| Levett-Jones et al. [52] (2015) | Innovative | Tag team simulation | |
| Research based strategies | Judge et al. [54] (2018) | Qualitative | Q methodology |
| Hensel [53] (2016) | Discussion | Q methodology | |
| Miscellanea learning strategies | Popkess et al. [9] (2011) | Descriptive | Active learning |
| Waltz et al. [55] (2014) | Discussion | Active learning | |
| Salamonson et al. [56] (2009) | Descriptive | Homework completion |