Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

	Control group (n = 27)	Postpartum group (n = 24)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (y)	29.4 ± 4.3	31.0 ± 3.0	0.111
Duration of education (y)	16.0 (16.0–19.0)	16.0 (16.0–19.0)	0.279
Married	6 (22.2%)	24 (100%)
Normal delivery/C-sec	N/A	17/7	N/A
Number of children	N/A	1 (1.0 – 2.0)
Breast feeding	N/A	14 (58.33%)	N/A
Interval between MRI scan and delivery date (d)	N/A	103.3 ± 16.4	N/A
Self-report questionnaires
Number of awakenings	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	1.75 (0.3–2.0)	<0.001
Total sleep time per day (h)	6.0 (6.0–7.0)	7.0 (6.0–8.5)	0.099
Lack of sleep	5.0 (2.0–7.0)	4.5 (3.0–6.0)	0.863
EPDS	5.0 (3.8–8.0)	5.5 (2.0 – 11.25)	0.882
BDI	5.0 (3.0–8.0)	8 (5. 5 – 10.0)	0.043
CFQ	26.8 ± 9.5	35.5 ± 12.8	0.008
Estradiol assay (pg/mL)	89 (52.0–201.0)	40.5 (25.0–66.5)	0.007
Neuropsychological test
COWAT (Animal)	29.0 ± 4.5	20.1 ± 5.5	0.550
15-item K-BNT	14.0 (14.0–15.0)	14.0 (14.0–15.0)	0.621
Digit span forward	15.0 (14.0–16.0)	14.0 (13.0–15.0)	0.073
Digit span backward	13.0 (11.0–14.0)	12.5 (9.0–14.0)	0.321
Digit span sequencing	9.4 ± 2.1	8.0 ± 2.5	0.031*
Word List Memory	26.0 (24.0–27.5)	26.0 (24.0–27.0)	0.563
Word List Recall	90.0 (86.8–100.0)	100.0 (90.0–100.0)	0.068
Word List Recognition	10.0 (10.0–10.0)	10.0 (10.0–10.0)	0.342
TMT_A	20.5 (19.0–25.0)	20.5 (18.0–28.0)	0.778
TMT_B	51.5 (42.8–80.8)	51.0 (38.5–61.0)	0.260

Normally distributed data are expressed as means ± standard deviations; otherwise, data are expressed as medians with the interquartile range in parentheses. Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CFQ, Cognitive Failure Questionnaire; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association test; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; 15-item K-BNT, 15-item Korean version of the modified Boston Naming Test; and TMT, Trail Making Test.