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. 2020 Jun 4;10:9134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66167-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study population and outcomes. Among 36 children with acute encephalopathy, 34 were in this study enrolled after excluding two patients with AED with a neurodevelopmental delay before the onset. Therapeutic hypothermia was provided to 24 patients, of which eight and 16 patients were cooled before (Early-Hypo group) and after the initiation of the second phase (Late-Hypo group). Therapeutic hypothermia was not provided to 10 patients, of which six and four patients had and did not have the second phase, respectively. Three out of eight patients in the Early-Hypo group had a favourable outcome. Eleven out of 16 patients in the Late-Hypo group had a favourable outcome. In the Non-Hypo group, five out of six patients with the second phase had a favourable outcome and all four patients without the second phase had a favourable outcome. AED, acute encephalopathy with reduced subcortical diffusion.