Table 4.
Risk factor accumulation scorea by education in FINRISK (FR) 1997–2012 and FinHealth (FH) 2017 surveys. The age range of included participants was 25–64 years.
| Risk factor scorea | Education level | FR97 | FR02 | FR07 | FR12 | FH2017 | p for interactionb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 11540) | 0.66 | ||||||
|
1 lowest risk |
Low | 8.9 (7.0–11.1) | 7.7 (5.7–9.5) | 7.8 (5.5–10.5) | 11.4 (8.4–14.3) | 12.4 (8.2–16.7) | |
| Intermediate | 11.1 (8.9–13.5) | 10.1 (7.8–12.6) | 15.1 (12.0–18.2) | 15.1 (12.1–18.7) | 20.4 (16.0–24.8) | ||
| High | 15.0 (12.8–17.3) | 17.8 (15.3–20.6) | 17.5 (14.6–20.6) | 17.1 (14.1–20.5) | 17.2 (13.1–21.8) | ||
| 2 | Low | 25.8 (22.7–28.7) | 28.7 (25.5–32.0) | 28.6 (24.6–32.9) | 28.0 (24.4–31.8) | 29.1 (23.5–35.4) | |
| Intermediate | 28.0 (24.9–31.1) | 32.6 (29.1–36.4) | 28.6 (24.8–32.5) | 31.4 (27.1–35.7) | 32.1 (27.0–38.0) | ||
| High | 34.0 (30.9–37.1) | 34.7 (31.4–37.8) | 37.8 (33.9–41.7) | 36.8 (32.1–41.3) | 42.8 (37.3–48.7) | ||
| 3 | Low | 39.8 (36.7–43.3) | 36.7 (33.2–40.1) | 37.9 (33.5–42.1) | 35.3 (31.4–39.7) | 31.1 (24.8–37.4) | |
| Intermediate | 37.8 (34.7–40.9) | 35.2 (31.7–38.9) | 34.3 (30.5–38.2) | 34.0 (29.8–38.1) | 31.3 (25.7–36.3) | ||
| High | 33.8 (30.7–36.9) | 29.3 (26.0–32.8) | 30.3 (26.6–34.1) | 29.9 (25.6–34.2) | 27.0 (21.9–31.7) | ||
|
4 highest risk |
Low | 25.5 (22.7–28.5) | 27.0 (23.7–30.2) | 25.7 (21.9–29.7) | 25.3 (21.6–28.7) | 27.5 (20.3–34.3) | |
| Intermediate | 23.1 (20.4–25.7) | 22.1 (19.2–24.8) | 22.0 (18.8–25.0) | 19.4 (16.1–22.6) | 16.1 (12.3–20.3) | ||
| High | 17.2 (14.9–19.6) | 18.3 (15.5–20.7) | 14.4 (11.6–17.3) | 16.2 (13.2–19.3) | 13.0 (9.5–17.2) | ||
| Women (n = 13277) | 0.15 | ||||||
|
1 lowest risk |
Low | 12.6 (10.5–15.0) | 15.5 (13.1–18.1) | 17.5 (14.5–20.5) | 16.8 (13.7–20.0) | 21.7 (17.2–26.6) | |
| Intermediate | 20.4 (18.2–22.6) | 19.1 (16.6–21.7) | 25.5 (22.2–28.8) | 20.8 (17.2–24.3) | 30.9 (25.9–36.0) | ||
| High | 22.7 (20.2–25.3) | 27.1 (24.3–29.8) | 30.7 (27.5–34.0) | 26.8 (23.4–30.1) | 29.4 (24.9–33.8) | ||
| 2 | Low | 35.1 (31.9–38.1) | 34.4 (31.4–37.6) | 34.9 (31.2–38.5) | 35.9 (32.2–39.8) | 31.5 (26.2–36.6) | |
| Intermediate | 37.8 (34.9–40.8) | 38.8 (35.6–42.0) | 36.8 (33.0–40.5) | 39.5 (35.6–43.3) | 36.1 (30.5–41.7) | ||
| High | 41.9 (38.9–45.2) | 40.9 (37.7–44.1) | 38.4 (34.6–42.0) | 38.3 (34.2–42.6) | 40.2 (35.0–45.0) | ||
| 3 | Low | 34.4 (31.4–37.5) | 31.8 (28.8–34.7) | 31.6 (28.4–35.5) | 30.5 (27.1–34.2) | 27.4 (22.9–32.3) | |
| Intermediate | 28.7 (25.9–31.3) | 28.8 (25.7–31.8) | 24.3 (21.2–27.5) | 24.8 (21.5–28.4) | 22.8 (18.3–27.8) | ||
| High | 22.8 (20.1–25.6) | 24.5 (21.8–27.1) | 21.5 (18.6–24.5) | 22.4 (19.3–25.8) | 19.0 (15.2–22.9) | ||
|
4 highest risk |
Low | 17.9 (15.9–20.1) | 18.3 (16.0–20.7) | 16.0 (13.3–18.8) | 16.8 (13.8–19.6) | 19.4 (14.7–23.8) | |
| Intermediate | 13.2 (11.1–15.1) | 13.3 (11.1–15.6) | 13.4 (11.0–15.7) | 14.8 (12.3–17.5) | 10.2 (7.2–13.5) | ||
| High | 12.5 (10.5–14.4) | 7.5 (5.9–9.2) | 9.4 (7.3–11.6) | 12.6 (10.2–15.2) | 11.4 (8.2–14.6) |
aThe risk factor accumulation score was formed from the following four risk factors: current smoking, obesity, elevated total cholesterol and hypertension. The classes were as follows: (1) no risk factors, (2) one risk factor, (3) two risk factors, and (4) three or four risk factors.
bInteraction between education and study year.