Table 1.
Crude and adjusted probability of prostate cancer specific and all cause mortality. Hazard Ratios (HR) are adjusted for age, race, marital status, PSA, Gleason score, Stage, AJCC staging (TNM), therapy, bone metastasis. The model for prostate cancer specific mortality treats non-prostate cancer deaths as censored observation.
| Character | Prostate Cancer Specific Mortality | P value | All-Cause Mortality | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |||
| Age | ||||
| <50 | ref. | ref. | ||
| 50-59 | 1.045 (0.835-1.307) | 0.698 | 1.241 (1.046-1.473) | 0.013 |
| 60-69 | 1.159 (0.932-1.441) | 0.186 | 1.680 (1.422-1.983) | <0.001 |
| 70-79 | 1.737 (1.393-2.165) | <0.001 | 3.028 (2.561-3.579) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 3.200 (2.551-4.003) | <0. 001 | 6.571 (5.539-7.800) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||
| White | ref. | ref. | ||
| Black | 1.013 (0.935-1.098) | 0.703 | 1.193 (1.136-1.253) | <0.001 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.671 (0.574-0.785) | <0.001 | 0.682 (0.616-0.756) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | ref. | ref. | ||
| Married | 0.767 (0.702-0.837) | <0.001 | 0.662 (0.626-0.700) | <0.001 |
| Divorced/seprated/widowed/domestic partner | 0.999 (0.902-1.105) | 0.967 | 0.982 (0.921-1.047) | 0.576 |
| Rural-urban | ||||
| Urban | ref. | ref. | ||
| Rural | 1.036 (0.958-1.120) | 0.470 | 1.164 (1.110-1.222) | <0.001 |
| Composite SESa | ||||
| ≤3 | ref. | ref. | ||
| 4–10 | 0.857 (0.781-0.940) | 0.001 | 0.823 (0.778-0.872) | <0.001 |
| ≥11 | 0.731 (0.650-0.821) | <0.001 | 0.706 (0.657-0.760) | <0.001 |
| PSA (ng/mL) | ||||
| <10 | ref. | ref. | ||
| 10–20 | 1.890 (1.711-2.089) | <0.001 | 1.525 (1.446-1.609) | <0.001 |
| >20 | 3.100 (2.818-3.409) | <0.001 | 2.137 (2.019-2.261) | <0.001 |
| Gleason Score | ||||
| ≤6 | ref. | ref. | ||
| 7 | 0.284 (0.071-1.141) | 0.077 | 0.992 (0.646-1.525) | 0.972 |
| ≥8 | 2.820 (1.554-5.115) | 0.001 | 2.131 (1.282-3.543) | 0.004 |
| Gradeb | ||||
| G1 | ref. | ref. | ||
| G2 | 0.887 (0.486-1.620) | 0.697 | 0.941 (0.756-1.172) | 0.582 |
| G3 | 2.885 (1.593-5.226) | <0.001 | 1.500 (1.206-1.864) | <0.001 |
| G4 | 6.470 (3.344-12.517) | <0.001 | 2.308 (1.638-3.252) | <0.001 |
| Stage | ||||
| I | ref. | ref. | ||
| II | 0.272 (0.035-2.113) | 0.213 | 0.321 (0.155-0.665) | 0.002 |
| III | 0.501 (0.064-3.909) | 0.509 | 0.382 (0.182-0.799) | 0.011 |
| IV | 1.65 (0.701-12.914) | 0.629 | 0.745 (0.358-1.554) | 0.433 |
| T stage | ||||
| T1 | ref. | ref. | ||
| T2 | 0.889 (0.825-0.958) | 0.002 | 0.891 (0.851-0.933) | <0.001 |
| T3 | 0.798 (0.708-0.900) | <0.001 | 0.779 (0.702-0.865) | <0.001 |
| T4 | 1.504 (1.341-1.686) | <0.001 | 1.522 (1.378-1.681) | <0.001 |
| N stage | ||||
| N0 | ref. | ref. | ||
| N1 | 1.236 (1.133-1.348) | <0.001 | 1.277 (1.180-1.381) | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| Yes | ref. | ref. | ||
| Not recommendation | 1.779 (1.623-1.950) | <0. 001 | 1.886 (1.778-2.000) | <0.001 |
| Refused | 1.814 (1.550-2.123) | <0.001 | 1.802 (1.639-1.978) | <0.001 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| Yes | ref. | ref. | ||
| No | 1.174 (1.092-1.262) | <0.001 | 1.236 (1.182-1.293) | <0.001 |
| Bone metastasis | ||||
| Yes | ref. | ref. | ||
| No | 0.341 (0.306-0.381) | <0.001 | 0.404 (0.369-0.444) | <0.001 |
aComposite socioeconomic status.
bG1: well differentiated; G2: moderately differentiated; G3: poorly differentiated; G4: undifferentiated; NOS: not otherwise specified; SEER: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.