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. 2020 Jun 4;10:9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65830-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Numerically determined number of pores formed on the cell membrane as a function of pulse duration when pulses of equivalent parameters are applied to two different cell geometries. (A) Short axis was one-quarter of the length of the long axis, and equivalent parameters were obtained with the hyperbolic equation (crossover at 6 µs), or (B) the Saulis pore equation (crossover at 3 µs). (C) Short axis was one half of the length of the long axis, and equivalent parameters were obtained with the hyperbolic equation (no crossover observed) or (D) the hyperbolic equation, scaled for a factor of 0.5 to take into account larger cell geometry (crossover at 4 µs).