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. 2020 Jun 4;10:9149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65830-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Electrodes and waveforms of pulses used in the study. Electrodes for (A) 100 ns pulse application, and (B) for 1 µs – 10 ms pulse application. Waveforms of pulses used in the study: (C) 100 ns, 400 V (numerically calculated electric field of 26.6 kV/cm), (D) 1 µs, 1000 V (voltage-to-distance ratio 2500 V/cm), (E) 10 µs, 600 V (voltage-to-distance ratio 1500 V/cm), (F) 100 µs, 200 V (voltage-to-distance ratio 500 V/cm), (G) 1 ms, 80 V (voltage-to-distance ratio 200 V/cm), (H) 10 ms, 50 V (voltage-to-distance ratio 125 V/cm).