TABLE 4.

Berry skin phenolic content in “Nebbiolo” grapes harvested from each treatment.

Treatment	Total anthocyanin index (mg malvidin-3-glucoside chloride/g berry skins)	Total flavonoids(mg (+)-catechin/g berry skins)	Proanthocyanidins assay(mg cyanidin chloride/g berry skins)	Vanillin assay (mg (+)-catechin/g berry skins)
CTR	4.43 ± 0.34	35.34 ± 1.43	30.60 ± 2.05	8.57 ± 0.76
AcS-Mt	4.39 ± 0.54	35.85 ± 4.82	27.56 ± 4.67	8.14 ± 1.71
Fos-Al	4.90 ± 1.13	35.49 ± 8.99	30.65 ± 6.30	7.86 ± 2.11
K-Pho	4.27 ± 0.44	33.59 ± 4.30	30.86 ± 4.20	8.71 ± 1.76
Lam	4.33 ± 0.21	32.24 ± 1.18	32.40 ± 4.28	8.61 ± 0.82
Chito	4.37 ± 0.36	34.25 ± 1.50	33.54 ± 2.34	9.30 ± 0.95
K-Bic	4.80 ± 0.58	36.06 ± 3.86	30.73 ± 3.37	8.79 ± 1.95
S+Met	4.48 ± 1.11	32.81 ± 5.28	29.00 ± 1.98	8.02 ± 0.50
CaO	3.53 ± 0.23	29.03 ± 3.05	28.27 ± 3.40	8.35 ± 1.52
EOW	4.65 ± 1.30	33.58 ± 7.41	30.71 ± 4.79	9.39 ± 1.87
S	4.64 ± 0.78	33.24 ± 2.13	30.24 ± 4.11	7.68 ± 0.48
Met	4.26 ± 0.89	32.81 ± 7.55	28.63 ± 2.69	7.42 ± 0.37
Sign.	0.867	0.992	0.570	0.758

Data expressed as average ± standard deviation (n = 4). Sign.: p-values are shown for each column. Treatment descriptions are reported in Table 1.