Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Two main methods for elucidating the mechanisms of PM toxicity. (A) In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of PM. Reproduced with permission from Yang et al. (2017). (B) In vitro animal experiments exposed to aerosols mainly include nose exposure, intratracheal instillation, and oropharyngeal aspiration. Reproduced with permission from Fröhlich and Salar-Behzadi (2014). (C) Air–liquid interface (ALI) in vitro models for investigating respiratory research.
