FIGURE 3.

Changes in the gastric microbiota from HC, through CG, IM, IN to GC. Heatmaps of significantly different (A) phyla and (B) genera across the disease stages. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with p < 0.05 (Supplementary Table S4). (C) Association of specific bacteria taxa with different disease stages was identified by LEfSe with Kruskal–Wallis test p < 0.05 and log¹⁰ LDA score > 3.0. (D) Four genera were differentially abundant between subtypes of GC. Pair-wise comparisons are done by t-test and annotated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.