Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Reference | Country | Design | OCEBM level of evidence | Subspecialty | Cohort size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tao et al. 7 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | General surgery | – |
| Gou et al. 8 | China | Case report/series (retrospective) | 4 | HPB | 4 |
| Wong et al. 9 | Singapore | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | – | – |
| Ti et al. 10 | Singapore | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | – | – |
| Wu et al. 11 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | HPB | – |
| Li et al. 12 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | Upper GI | – |
| Luo and Zhong 13 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | Colorectal | – |
| Chen et al. 14 | China | Case report/series (retrospective) | 4 | Obstetrics | 17 |
| Li et al. 15 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | HPB | – |
| Hu et al. 16 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | Colorectal | – |
| Chen and Peng 17 | China | Expert opinion/experience | 5 | Upper GI | – |
OCEBM, Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine; HPB, hepatopancreatobiliary; GI, gastrointestinal.