Table 4.
Changes in acute‐phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19
| Acute‐phase reactants and serum biochemistry | Changes in COVID‐19 | References |
|---|---|---|
| C‐reactive protein (CRP) | ↑ | [15, 44, 91, 92, 94, 107, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136] |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | ↑ | [94, 135, 136] |
| Procalcitonin (PCT) | ↑ | [15, 44, 91, 94, 107, 131, 134, 137, 138] |
| Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) | ↑ | [27, 44, 91, 92, 139] |
| Urea nitrogen (BUN) | ↑ | [94, 135, 140] |
| Creatinine (CRN) | ↑ | [16, 91, 94, 133, 135] |
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) | ↑ | [44, 91, 94, 132, 133, 139] |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | ↑ | [94, 107, 133, 141] |
| Albumin (ALB) | ↓ | [94, 107] |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | ↑ | [44, 45, 91, 94, 107, 131, 135, 136, 139, 141, 142, 143] |
| Ferritin | ↑ | [91, 94, 139] |
| Fibrinogen (FIB) | ↑ | [92, 94, 144] |
| D‐dimer | ↑ | [15, 45, 91, 92, 94, 107, 131, 135, 137, 139, 145] |
| Serum amyloid A (SAA) | ↑ | [15, 131] |
| Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) | ↑ | [91, 94, 131] |
| Prothrombin time (PT) | ↑ | [91, 92, 94, 145] |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) | ↑ | [94, 107] |