Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Variable | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Number of patients | 136 |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 69 (57–77) |
| ≥65 | 86 (63) |
| ＜65 | 50 (37) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 86 (63) |
| Female | 50 (37) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 68 (50) |
| Diabetes | 56 (41) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 26 (19) |
| Malignancy | 8 (6) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 12 (9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (4) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (1) |
| Immunopathy | 4 (3) |
| Initial symptoms | |
| Fever | 124 (91) |
| Cough | 104 (77) |
| Hemoptysis | 7 (5) |
| Dyspnea | 130 (96) |
| Diarrhea | 28 (21) |
| Time from disease onset to ICU admission, median (IQR), days | 14 (10–18) |
| GCS score, median (IQR) | 13 (8–15) |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 18 (14–22) |
| SOFA score, median (IQR) | 7 (4–10) |
| Complications during ICU stay | |
| ARDS | 119 (88) |
| Acute myocardial injury | 74 (54) |
| Acute liver dysfunction | 40 (29) |
| Acute kidney injury | 56 (41) |
| Secondary infection | 88 (65) |
| Shock | 91 (67) |
| Embolization/Thrombosis | 3 (2) |
| Pneumothorax | 7 (5) |
| Treatments in ICU | |
| CRRT | 29 (21) |
| Vasopressors | 90 (66) |
| Oxygen therapy | |
| Nasal cannula | 26 (19) |
| Face mask with reservoir bag | 27 (20) |
| Noninvasive ventilation (bi-level) | 69 (51) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 90 (66) |
| Prone positioning | 20 (15) |
| ECMO | 7 (5) |
| Outcomes | |
| Death at ICU 28-day | 98 (72) |
Abbreviations: APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; ICU, intensive care units; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.