Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Development and Validation Cohorts Stratified by Sex.
| Variable | No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development (70% split) | Split sample validation (30% split) | All Ontario | Manitoba external validation | |||
| Women | ||||||
| No. | 46 627 | 19 729 | 66 356 | 7423 | ||
| Follow-up time, mean (SD), y | 6.93 (2.88) | 6.90 (2.82) | 6.92 (2.85) | 7.40 (2.76) | ||
| Age, y | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 46.59 (16.74) | 46.55 (16.82) | 46.58 (16.76) | 47.19 (17.72) | ||
| 20-34 | 13 338 (28.6) | 5711 (28.9) | 19 049 (28.7) | 2262 (30.5) | ||
| 35-44 | 9898 (21.2) | 4197 (21.3) | 14 095 (21.2) | 1300 (17.5) | ||
| 45-54 | 8127 (17.4) | 3383 (17.1) | 11 510 (17.3) | 1273 (17.1) | ||
| 55-64 | 7566 (16.2) | 3155 (16.0) | 10 721 (16.2) | 1239 (16.7) | ||
| 65-74 | 4675 (10.0) | 1935 (9.8) | 6610 (10.0) | 732 (9.9) | ||
| 75-84 | 2431 (5.2) | 1098 (5.6) | 3529 (5.3) | 482 (6.5) | ||
| ≥85 | 592 (1.3) | 250 (1.3) | 842 (1.3) | 135 (1.8) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| None | 29 299 (62.8) | 12 429 (63.0) | 41 728 (62.9) | 5066 (68.2) | ||
| Light | 8280 (17.8) | 3524 (17.9) | 11 804 (17.8) | 1090 (14.7) | ||
| Moderate | 7736 (16.6) | 3209 (16.3) | 10 945 (16.5) | 1051 (14.2) | ||
| Heavy | 1312 (2.8) | 567 (2.9) | 1879 (2.8) | 216 (2.9) | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Never | 19 032 (40.8) | 7978 (40.4) | 27 010 (40.7) | 2942 (39.6) | ||
| Always occasional | 629 (1.3) | 284 (1.4) | 913 (1.4) | 103 (1.4) | ||
| Former daily, now occasional | 1300 (2.8) | 545 (2.8) | 1845 (2.8) | 216 (2.9) | ||
| Daily | 7926 (17.0) | 3369 (17.1) | 11 295 (17.0) | 1327 (17.9) | ||
| Former occasional | 7439 (16.0) | 3207 (16.3) | 10 646 (16.0) | 1122 (15.1) | ||
| Former daily | 10 301 (22.1) | 4346 (22.0) | 14 647 (22.1) | 1713 (23.1) | ||
| Fruit and vegetable consumption, times/d | ||||||
| <3 | 11 152 (23.9) | 4623 (23.4) | 15 775 (23.8) | 1605 (21.6) | ||
| 3-6 | 21 806 (46.8) | 9276 (47.0) | 31 082 (46.8) | 2584 (34.8) | ||
| >6 | 13 669 (29.3) | 5830 (29.6) | 19 499 (29.4) | 1150 (15.5) | ||
| Physical activity, quartile | ||||||
| 1, lowest | 10 928 (23.4) | 4600 (23.3) | 15 528 (23.4) | 1568 (21.1) | ||
| 2 | 12 785 (27.4) | 5394 (27.3) | 18 179 (27.4) | 1986 (26.8) | ||
| 3 | 11 554 (24.8) | 4901 (24.8) | 16 455 (24.8) | 1885 (25.4) | ||
| 4, highest | 11 360 (24.4) | 4834 (24.5) | 16 194 (24.4) | 1984 (26.7) | ||
| Visible minority | 5606 (12.0) | 2375 (12.0) | 7981 (12.0) | 1119 (15.1) | ||
| Immigration status | ||||||
| Canadian born | 37 158 (79.7) | 15 822 (80.2) | 52 980 (79.8) | 6642 (89.5) | ||
| Recent immigrant | 1901 (4.1) | 763 (3.9) | 2664 (4.0) | 230 (3.1) | ||
| Nonrecent immigrant | 7568 (16.2) | 3144 (15.9) | 10 712 (16.1) | 551 (7.4) | ||
| Household income, quintile | ||||||
| 1, lowest | 5525 (11.8) | 2334 (11.8) | 7859 (11.8) | 1433 (19.3) | ||
| 2 | 6391 (13.7) | 2620 (13.3) | 9011 (13.6) | 1444 (19.5) | ||
| 3 | 8868 (19.0) | 3795 (19.2) | 12 663 (19.1) | 1443 (19.4) | ||
| 4 | 11 082 (23.8) | 4893 (24.8) | 15 975 (24.1) | 1288 (17.4) | ||
| 5, highest | 11 417 (24.5) | 4674 (23.7) | 16 091 (24.2) | 1208 (16.3) | ||
| Unknown income | 3344 (7.2) | 1413 (7.2) | 4757 (7.2) | 607 (8.2) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| <Secondary school | 6121 (13.1) | 2657 (13.5) | 8778 (13.2) | 1271 (17.1) | ||
| Secondary school | 9080 (19.5) | 3944 (20.0) | 13 024 (19.6) | 1435 (19.3) | ||
| Any postsecondary education | 31 426 (67.4) | 13 128 (66.5) | 44 554 (67.1) | 4717 (63.5) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single, never married | 8887 (19.1) | 3780 (19.2) | 12 667 (19.1) | 1447 (19.5) | ||
| Domestic partner, ie, married or common law | 28 032 (60.1) | 11 807 (59.8) | 39 839 (60.0) | 4540 (61.2) | ||
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 9708 (20.8) | 4142 (21.0) | 13 850 (20.9) | 1436 (19.3) | ||
| Asthma | 3925 (8.4) | 1664 (8.4) | 5589 (8.4) | 561 (7.6) | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 26.45 (5.47) | 26.45 (5.50) | 26.45 (5.48) | 27.16 (5.77) | ||
| <18.5 | 656 (1.4) | 299 (1.5) | 955 (1.4) | 97 (1.3) | ||
| 18.5 to <25.0 | 19 446 (41.7) | 8210 (41.6) | 27 656 (41.7) | 2765 (37.2) | ||
| 25.0 to <30.0 | 13 883 (29.8) | 5876 (29.8) | 19 759 (29.8) | 2384 (32.1) | ||
| 30.0 to <35.0 | 6041 (13.0) | 2576 (13.1) | 8617 (13.0) | 1084 (14.6) | ||
| 35.0 to <40.0 | 2044 (4.4) | 863 (4.4) | 2907 (4.4) | 401 (5.4) | ||
| ≥40.0 | 1015 (2.2) | 438 (2.2) | 1453 (2.2) | 232 (3.1) | ||
| Unknown | 3542 (7.6) | 1467 (7.4) | 5009 (7.5) | 460 (6.2) | ||
| High blood pressure | 6992 (15.0) | 2976 (15.1) | 9968 (15.0) | 1239 (16.7) | ||
| Household secondhand smoke | 4048 (8.7) | 1703 (8.6) | 5751 (8.7) | 764 (10.3) | ||
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Poor or fair | 3858 (8.3) | 1659 (8.4) | 5517 (8.3) | 661 (8.9) | ||
| Good | 11 805 (25.3) | 4967 (25.2) | 16 772 (25.3) | 2032 (27.4) | ||
| Very good or excellent | 30 964 (66.4) | 13 103 (66.4) | 44 067 (66.4) | 4730 (63.7) | ||
| Life stress | ||||||
| Not at all stressful | 4432 (9.5) | 1859 (9.4) | 6291 (9.5) | 709 (9.6) | ||
| Not very stressful | 11 144 (23.9) | 4625 (23.4) | 15 769 (23.8) | 1921 (25.9) | ||
| A bit stressful | 20 137 (43.2) | 8534 (43.3) | 28 671 (43.2) | 3265 (44) | ||
| Quite a bit or extremely stressful | 10 914 (23.4) | 4711 (23.9) | 15 625 (23.5) | 1528 (20.6) | ||
| Men | ||||||
| No. | 36 540 | 15 851 | 52 391 | 5821 | ||
| Follow-up time, mean (SD), y | 6.93 (2.82) | 6.87 (2.78) | 6.91 (2.80) | 7.35 (2.79) | ||
| Age, y | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 44.35 (15.14) | 44.43 (15.17) | 44.38 (15.15) | 45.11 (15.60) | ||
| 20-34 | 10 922 (29.9) | 4628 (29.2) | 15 550 (29.7) | 1769 (30.4) | ||
| 35-44 | 9053 (24.8) | 4027 (25.4) | 13 080 (25.0) | 1210 (20.8) | ||
| 45-54 | 6934 (19.0) | 3055 (19.3) | 9989 (19.1) | 1134 (19.5) | ||
| 55-64 | 5531 (15.1) | 2347 (14.8) | 7878 (15.0) | 984 (16.9) | ||
| 65-74 | 2927 (8.0) | 1261 (8.0) | 4188 (8.0) | 488 (8.4) | ||
| 75-84 | 1006 (2.8) | 456 (2.9) | 1462 (2.8) | 204 (3.5) | ||
| ≥85 | 167 (0.5) | 77 (0.5) | 244 (0.5) | 32 (0.5) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| None | 14 714 (40.3) | 6408 (40.4) | 21 122 (40.3) | 2786 (47.9) | ||
| Light | 5851 (16.0) | 2466 (15.6) | 8317 (15.9) | 806 (13.8) | ||
| Moderate | 11 216 (30.7) | 4816 (30.4) | 16 032 (30.6) | 1544 (26.5) | ||
| Heavy | 4759 (13.0) | 2161 (13.6) | 6920 (13.2) | 685 (11.8) | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Never | 10 450 (28.6) | 4504 (28.4) | 14 954 (28.5) | 1762 (30.3) | ||
| Always occasional | 761 (2.1) | 313 (2.0) | 1074 (2.0) | 125 (2.1) | ||
| Former daily, now occasional | 1199 (3.3) | 534 (3.4) | 1733 (3.3) | 192 (3.3) | ||
| Daily | 8107 (22.2) | 3598 (22.7) | 11 705 (22.3) | 1246 (21.4) | ||
| Former occasional | 6435 (17.6) | 2814 (17.8) | 9249 (17.7) | 925 (15.9) | ||
| Former daily | 9588 (26.2) | 4088 (25.8) | 13 676 (26.1) | 1571 (27.0) | ||
| Fruit and vegetable consumption, times/d | ||||||
| <3 | 14 163 (38.8) | 6304 (39.8) | 20 467 (39.1) | 2042 (35.1) | ||
| 3-6 | 16 714 (45.7) | 7049 (44.5) | 23 763 (45.4) | 1691 (29.1) | ||
| >6 | 5663 (15.5) | 2498 (15.8) | 8161 (15.6) | 458 (7.9) | ||
| Physical activity, quartile | ||||||
| 1, lowest | 8795 (24.1) | 3789 (23.9) | 12 584 (24.0) | 1238 (21.3) | ||
| 2 | 9698 (26.5) | 4200 (26.5) | 13 898 (26.5) | 1513 (26.0) | ||
| 3 | 9019 (24.7) | 4026 (25.4) | 13 045 (24.9) | 1331 (22.9) | ||
| 4, highest | 9028 (24.7) | 3836 (24.2) | 12 864 (24.6) | 1739 (29.9) | ||
| Visible minority | 4608 (12.6) | 2041 (12.9) | 6649 (12.7) | 835 (14.3) | ||
| Immigration status | ||||||
| Canadian born | 29 256 (80.1) | 12 703 (80.1) | 41 959 (80.1) | 5185 (89.1) | ||
| Recent immigrant | 1461 (4.0) | 613 (3.9) | 2074 (4.0) | 188 (3.2) | ||
| Nonrecent immigrant | 5823 (15.9) | 2535 (16.0) | 8358 (16.0) | 448 (7.7) | ||
| Household income, quintile | ||||||
| 1, lowest | 3009 (8.2) | 1335 (8.4) | 4344 (8.3) | 726 (12.5) | ||
| 2 | 3836 (10.5) | 1673 (10.6) | 5509 (10.5) | 970 (16.7) | ||
| 3 | 6167 (16.9) | 2681 (16.9) | 8848 (16.9) | 1171 (20.1) | ||
| 4 | 9837 (26.9) | 4242 (26.8) | 14 079 (26.9) | 1310 (22.5) | ||
| 5, highest | 11 874 (32.5) | 5166 (32.6) | 17 040 (32.5) | 1349 (23.2) | ||
| Unknown income | 1817 (5.0) | 754 (4.8) | 2571 (4.9) | 295 (5.1) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| <Secondary school | 4811 (13.2) | 2130 (13.4) | 6941 (13.2) | 1146 (19.7) | ||
| Secondary school | 6896 (18.9) | 3078 (19.4) | 9974 (19.0) | 1156 (19.9) | ||
| Any postsecondary education | 24 833 (68.0) | 10 643 (67.1) | 35 476 (67.7) | 3519 (60.5) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single, never married | 9501 (26.0) | 4132 (26.1) | 13 633 (26.0) | 1565 (26.9) | ||
| Domestic partner, ie, married or common law | 22 795 (62.4) | 9865 (62.2) | 32 660 (62.3) | 3590 (61.7) | ||
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 4244 (11.6) | 1854 (11.7) | 6098 (11.6) | 666 (11.4) | ||
| Asthma | 1971 (5.4) | 928 (5.9) | 2899 (5.5) | 343 (5.9) | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.44 (4.59) | 27.39 (4.62) | 27.43 (4.60) | 27.99 (5.08) | ||
| <18.5 | 238 (0.7) | 105 (0.7) | 343 (0.7) | 34 (0.6) | ||
| 18.5 to <25.0 | 11 004 (30.1) | 4833 (30.5) | 15 837 (30.2) | 1568 (26.9) | ||
| 25.0 to <30.0 | 16 090 (44.0) | 6989 (44.1) | 23 079 (44.1) | 2588 (44.5) | ||
| 30.0 to <35.0 | 6386 (17.5) | 2723 (17.2) | 9109 (17.4) | 1165 (20.0) | ||
| 35.0 to <40.0 | 1480 (4.1) | 615 (3.9) | 2095 (4.0) | 303 (5.2) | ||
| ≥40.0 | 522 (1.4) | 231 (1.5) | 753 (1.4) | 125 (2.1) | ||
| Unknown | 820 (2.2) | 355 (2.2) | 1175 (2.2) | 38 (0.7) | ||
| High blood pressure | 4798 (13.1) | 2151 (13.6) | 6949 (13.3) | 846 (14.5) | ||
| Household secondhand smoke | 3527 (9.7) | 1552 (9.8) | 5079 (9.7) | 625 (10.7) | ||
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Poor or fair | 2688 (7.4) | 1124 (7.1) | 3812 (7.3) | 427 (7.3) | ||
| Good | 9547 (26.1) | 4194 (26.5) | 13 741 (26.2) | 1698 (29.2) | ||
| Very good or excellent | 24 305 (66.5) | 10 533 (66.5) | 34 838 (66.5) | 3696 (63.5) | ||
| Life stress | ||||||
| Not at all stressful | 4198 (11.5) | 1951 (12.3) | 6149 (11.7) | 637 (10.9) | ||
| Not very stressful | 8890 (24.3) | 3758 (23.7) | 12 648 (24.1) | 1610 (27.7) | ||
| A bit stressful | 15 660 (42.9) | 6699 (42.3) | 22 359 (42.7) | 2501 (43.0) | ||
| Quite a bit or extremely stressful | 7792 (21.3) | 3443 (21.7) | 11 235 (21.4) | 1073 (18.4) | ||
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).