Table 1.

Notations used in the study.

Symbols	Meaning
h, r, t, h′, r, t′	Head entities, relation, tail entities from positive triplet and negative triplet corresponding to positive triplet (marked as ′)
Δ, Δ′	Set of positive/negative triplets
h, r, t	Embedding vectors of head, relation, and tail entities
hp, tp	Projection vectors of head and tail entities
s(h,r,t)	Score value of given triplet
p(h,r,t)	Probability of given triplet
Φ(), Φ–1	Mapping function between the score value and probability of triplets
PL(h,r,t)	Probability-based loss of given triplet
εn	Probability value of negative triplet
εp	Minimum probability value of positive triplet
λ, K, γ	Scaling factors, margin parameters for loss function
αr, βr	Parameters for given relation r
[x]+	The positive part of x
Lm	Margin-based loss function
L	Loss function