Table 4.
Frontline healthcare workers and risk of testing positive for COVID-19 by site of care delivery.
| Positive COVID-19 testing | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| No. with Event/Person-days | Incidence (30-day) | Age-adjusted | Multivariate-adjusted | % reporting reused PPE | % reporting inadequate PPE | |
| General community | 3,623/32,980,571 | 0·33% | 1·0 (ref) | 1·0 (ref) | ||
| Frontline HCWs | ||||||
| Inpatient | 564/184,293 | 9·18% | 23·6 (21·2 to 26·2) | 24·3 (21·8 to 27·1) | 23·7 | 11·9 |
| Nursing homes | 118/52,901 | 6·69% | 16·5 (13·6 to 20·0) | 16·2 (13·4 to 19·7) | 15·4 | 16·9 |
| Outpatient hospital clinics | 51/45,217 | 3·38% | 10·7 (8·10 to 14·3) | 11·2 (8·44 to 14·9) | 16·3 | 12·2 |
| Home health sites | 36/38,642 | 2·79% | 7·79 (5·58 to 10·9) | 7·86 (5·63 to 11·0) | 14·7 | 15·9 |
| Ambulatory clinics | 44/66,408 | 1·99% | 6·64 (4·90 to 9·01) | 6·94 (5·12 to 9·41) | 19·3 | 11·8 |
| Other | 73/64,310 | 3·41% | 9·42 (7·42 to 12·0) | 9·52 (7·49 to 12·1) | 12·0 | 13·8 |
Abbreviations: CI (confidence interval)
Model was stratified by 5-year age group, calendar date at study entry, and country and adjusted for sex, history of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, and current smoking (each yes/no), and body mass index (17–19·9, 20–24·9, 25–29·9, and ≥30 kg/m2).
Ambulatory clinics include free-standing (non-hospital) primary care/specialty clinics and school-based clinics.