Table 2.
Characteristics of the study participants according to sex in quartiles of the DII scores.
| Variables | Men (n = 1712) | Women (n = 2473) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p value | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p value | ||
| n | 507 | 447 | 375 | 383 | 539 | 599 | 671 | 664 | |||
| Age, years (Mean, SE) | 52.33, 0.32 | 51.86, 0.33 | 52.22, 0.37 | 52.11, 0.36 | 0.73 | 53.46, 0.33 | 53.21, 0.34 | 52.67, 0.30 | 52.27, 0.33 | 0.03∗ | |
| DII (Mean, SE) | −3.63, 0.05 | −1.16, 0.03 | 0.08, 0.04 | 3.48, 0.07 | <0.001∗∗ | −3.57, 0.05 | −1.16, 0.03 | 0.79, 0.03 | 3.55, 0.03 | <0.001∗∗ | |
| Household income (n, weighted %) | Lowest | 25, 4.9% | 33, 6.7% | 46, 10.4% | 88, 16.8% | <0.001∗∗ | 42, 7.6% | 76, 10.9% | 81, 10.1% | 101, 13.8% | <0.001∗∗ |
| Lower middle | 89, 14.6% | 115, 24.3% | 84, 20.4% | 78, 19.9% | 113, 19.1% | 140, 22.2% | 184, 26.4% | 179, 24.4% | |||
| Upper middle | 148, 30.2% | 123, 26.7% | 112, 30.1% | 92, 25.5% | 157, 28.6% | 164, 29.0% | 203, 32.3% | 191, 29.9% | |||
| Highest | 245, 50.3% | 176, 42.3% | 133, 39.0% | 124, 37.9% | 227, 44.7% | 219, 38.0% | 201, 31.1% | 193, 31.8% | |||
| Subjective body image (n, weighted %) | Very skinny | 17, 3.5% | 17, 3.9% | 16, 4.5% | 24, 5.4% | <0.001∗∗ | 11, 1.7% | 10, 1.2% | 7, 1.1% | 12, 1.5% | <0.001∗∗ |
| Slightly skinny | 55, 11.0% | 58, 12.4% | 48, 13.6% | 49, 11.8% | 37, 6.1% | 48, 8.0% | 55, 8.2% | 53, 7.6% | |||
| Moderate | 213, 40.7% | 174, 40.7% | 161, 41.5% | 151, 39.5% | 229, 44.3% | 249, 41.7% | 267, 40.2% | 234, 40.2% | |||
| Slightly obese | 199, 40.1% | 181, 39.6% | 135, 36.8% | 129, 34.7% | 208, 38.4% | 237, 39.7% | 250, 36.3% | 266, 38.8% | |||
| Very obese | 23, 4.7% | 17, 3.4% | 15, 3.6% | 30, 8.7% | 54, 9.5% | 55, 9.3% | 92, 14.1% | 99, 11.9% | |||
| Subjective health status (n, weighted %) | Good | 193, 40.0% | 141, 33.0% | 105, 30.1% | 78, 21.0% | <0.001∗∗ | 130, 25.5% | 148, 26.1% | 176, 26.1% | 138, 22.8% | <0.001∗∗ |
| Moderate | 246, 51.7% | 229, 53.8% | 202, 55.9% | 202, 57.7% | 300, 58.4% | 309, 54.1% | 374, 57.4% | 362, 57.3% | |||
| Poor | 43, 8.3% | 63, 13.2% | 52, 14.0% | 83, 21.3% | 89, 16.1% | 130, 19.9% | 107, 16.5% | 138, 19.9% | |||
| Current smoker (n, weighted %) | 148, 29.8% | 153, 36.8% | 152, 41.7% | 189, 49.5% | <0.001∗∗ | 13, 2.6% | 22, 3.9% | 23, 3.0% | 49, 8.5% | <0.001∗∗ | |
| Diabetes mellitus diagnosis (n, weighted %) | 39, 7.4% | 44, 8.1% | 33, 8.2% | 41, 8.4% | <0.001∗∗ | 28, 5.5% | 40, 5.6% | 43, 6.4% | 44, 6.5% | <0.001∗∗ | |
| Treatment for hypertension (n, weighted %) | 127, 22.7% | 106, 19.6% | 90, 21.4% | 94, 22.5% | <0.001∗∗ | 94, 15.0% | 105, 15.5% | 117, 15.8% | 126, 16.9% | <0.001∗∗ | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (Mean, SE) | 121.5, 0.80 | 119.99, 0.74 | 121.33, 0.90 | 122.75, 0.92 | 0.11 | 117.53, 0.73 | 116.60, 0.78 | 118.60, 0.78 | 117.73, 0.75 | 0.35 | |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L (Mean, SE) | 104.92, 1.06 | 105.31, 1.53 | 105.40, 1.37 | 106.24, 1.46 | 0.91 | 97.98, 0.78 | 98.33, 0.10 | 99.77, 0.98 | 100.0, 1.10 | 0.31 | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L (Mean, SE) | 199.91, 1.57 | 197.47, 1.97 | 197.69, 2.13 | 198.61, 1.99 | 0.78 | 201.64, 1.76 | 200.60, 1.66 | 205.90, 1.53 | 204.58, 1.77 | 0.07 | |
| HDL cholesterol (Mean, SE) | 48.24, 0.58 | 46.55, 0.53 | 46.75, 0.62 | 47.20, 0.60 | 0.15 | 55.12, 0.62 | 55.20, 0.63 | 54.31, 0.57 | 54.4, 0.51 | 0.61 | |
| ASCVD high-risk group (n, weighted %) | 222, 36.9% | 201, 34.2% | 178, 41.1% | 209, 45.1% | <0.001∗∗ | 31, 4.7% | 30, 4.0% | 36, 4.5% | 41, 4.8% | <0.001∗∗ | |
Abbreviations: Q: quartile; DII: dietary inflammatory index; SE: standard error; HDL cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ASCVD high-risk group: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease high-risk group. ∗∗p values < 0.001 are considered significant.