Table 2.
Clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters of normal BMI patients with T2DM and visceral adiposity before and after exenatide or humalog Mix25 intervention.
| Variable | Pre-exenatide | Post-exenatide | P value | Pre-humalog Mix25 | Post-humalog Mix25 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 40) | (n = 40) | (n = 41) | (n = 41) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.99 ± 1.2 | 22.68 ± 1.68 | <0.01 | 23.89 (22.65-24.46) | 23.12 (21.48-23.95) | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.08 ± 9.28 | 64.53 ± 10.41 | <0.01 | 64 ± 6.39 | 62.24 ± 7.04 | <0.01 |
| WC (cm) | 88.83 ± 5.58 | 84.21 ± 6.57 | <0.01 | 88.39 ± 4.02 | 84.63 ± 4.76 | <0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.5 (117.5-136) | 128 (117-135.5) | 0.87 | 131.73 ± 14.45 | 128.7 ± 10.6 | 0.17 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 (75-84) | 76 (70-81.5) | 0.10 | 75.95 ± 9.5 | 72.2 ± 9.11 | 0.01 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.14 ± 2.41 | 8.01 ± 2.03 | 0.01 | 9.45 ± 2.09 | 8.17 ± 1.76 | <0.01 |
| 2hPBG (mmol/L) | 15.95 ± 4.28 | 14.38 ± 3.37 | 0.039 | 17.27 ± 4.12 | 16.91 ± 3.34 | 0.47 |
| FINS (mIU/L) | 9.39 ± 3.13 | 9.18 ± 2.20 | 0.56 | 9.05 ± 2.42 | 10.28 ± 3.33 | 0.49 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.43 ± 1.06 | 7.05 ± 1.04 | <0.01 | 8.41 ± 0.91 | 7.42 ± 0.83 | <0.01 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.21 ± 1.22 | 5.03 ± 0.86 | 0.26 | 5.01 ± 0.92 | 4.97 ± 0.79 | 0.82 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.35 (0.84-2.12) | 1.26 (0.81-1.69) | 0.13 | 1.46 (0.79-2.01) | 1.09 (0.77-1.6) | 0.01 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21 (18-25) | 22 (18-27) | 0.28 | 22.61 ± 5.94 | 22.73 ± 5.39 | 0.88 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 20 (16.5-34.5) | 22 (16-30.5) | 0.43 | 22 (18-26) | 19 (17-24) | 0.13 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 57.43 ± 13.63 | 58.3 ± 13.12 | 0.52 | 53 (44-63) | 60 (49-66) | <0.01 |
| FGF-21 (pg/mL) | 359.64 ± 273.52 | 209.42 ± 164.22 | <0.01 | 262.46 ± 208.96 | 226.35 ± 147.13 | 0.21 |
| SAT (cm2) | 129.85 ± 43.73 | 114.18 ± 44.39 | <0.01 | 127.22 ± 48.29 | 125.7 ± 47.18 | 0.69 |
| VAT (cm2) | 80.56 ± 34.26 | 66.82 ± 30.07 | <0.01 | 76.36 (60.26-96.91) | 71 (50.24-88.14) | <0.01 |
| LFC (%) | 22.96 ± 3.02 | 9.83 ± 2.38 | <0.01 | 22.77 ± 3.13 | 13.44 ± 2.82 | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.99 ± 2.00 | 2.97 ± 1.79 | <0.01 | 3.48 ± 1.28 | 3.67 ± 1.59 | 0.11 |
| HOMA-β | 42.72 ± 25.63 | 45.83 ± 21.21 | 0.63 | 40.55 ± 19.72 | 39.88 ± 17.22 | 0.37 |
| IGI | 4.39 ± 1.41 | 4.92 ± 2.37 | 0.33 | 3.77 (1.25-6.08) | 4.27 (1.47-6.81) | 0.58 |
| Matsuda | 5.97 ± 3.96 | 4.98 ± 2.51 | 0.15 | 4.54 (3.15-6.01) | 4.58 (3-7.63) | 0.78 |
| MBCI | 5.44 ± 3.33 | 7.27 ± 5.04 | 0.045 | 4.64 (3.39-6.77) | 4.04 (2.83-7.38) | 0.56 |
| HOMA-IS∗HOMA-β | 11.67 ± 5.32 | 14.44 ± 6.82 | 0.01 | 11.85 ± 5.86 | 12.06 ± 6.69 | 0.71 |
| Matsuda∗MBCI | 22.43 ± 11.61 | 26.17 ± 13.56 | 0.37 | 21.25 ± 11.87 | 20.57 ± 10.01 | 0.09 |
ALT: glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST: glutamic oxalacetic transaminase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FGF-21: fibroblast growth factor 21; FINS: fasting insulin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HOMA-β: homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LFC: liver fat content; MBCI: modified β-cell function; SAT: subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WC: waist circumference; 2hFBG: 2 h plasma blood glucose. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range).