Figure 1.

Bradycardia: the intraperitoneal application of lidocaine (80 mg/kg) induced significant bradycardia within minutes (white bars) which BPC 157 opposed (gray bars). Prophylactic effect: the application of BPC 157 (10 μg/kg (light gray bars) or 10 ng/kg (dark gray bars)) counteracted the development of lidocaine-induced bradycardia (given 30 minutes before the application of lidocaine) (a). Therapy effect: BPC 157 (10 μg/kg (light gray bars) or 10 ng/kg (dark gray bars)) reversed (given immediately after lidocaine) the already established lidocaine-induced bradycardia) (b). ^∗P < 0.05 at least vs. control. Heart frequency, beats/min; values are presented as mean ± SD.