Table 3.
GEE model results for predictors of youth perceiving their weight as “underweight” in Year 4 (2015/2016) of the COMPASS study among grade 9–12 students with Year 3 (2014/2015) WPs of “about the right weight.”
| Females (N = 5062) | Males (N = 4557) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| WP: underweight (ref.: about the right weight) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Covariates | ||||||
| Grade (9–12 continuous) | 1.05 | 0.90, 1.22 | 0.5329 | 0.91 | 0.81, 1.02 | 0.0921 |
| Ethnicity (white vs. nonwhite) | 0.92 | 0.69, 1.24 | 0.6037 | 1.07 | 0.86, 1.34 | 0.5423 |
| BMI category (ref.: “normal weight” BMI)a | ||||||
| Underweight BMI | 6.30 | 3.06, 12.95 | <0.0001 | 3.16 | 1.71, 5.85 | 0.0002 |
| Overweight/obesity BMI | 0.06 | 0.01, 0.40 | 0.0035 | 0.22 | 0.14, 0.32 | <0.0001 |
| Missing BMI | 0.69 | 0.47, 1.00 | 0.0507 | 0.85 | 0.65, 1.12 | 0.2595 |
|
| ||||||
| Physical activity (yes vs. no) | ||||||
| Met MVPA guidelinesb | 1.07 | 0.83, 1.38 | 0.6171 | 0.92 | 0.79, 1.08 | 0.3052 |
| Met resistance exercise guidelinesb | 1.03 | 0.75, 1.40 | 0.8758 | 0.77 | 0.64, 0.92 | 0.0040 |
| Varsity sports | 0.66 | 0.48, 0.91 | 0.0109 | 0.98 | 0.75, 1.27 | 0.8604 |
| School-organized PA/intramurals | 0.99 | 0.67, 1.47 | 0.9510 | 1.07 | 0.86, 1.33 | 0.5530 |
| League/team sports outside of school | 0.72 | 0.54, 0.95 | 0.0222 | 0.98 | 0.81, 1.20 | 0.8576 |
|
| ||||||
| Bullying victimization (yes, in the last 30 days vs. no) | ||||||
| Physical attacks | 1.38 | 0.52, 3.65 | 0.5130 | 1.26 | 0.68, 2.34 | 0.4617 |
| Verbal attacks | 1.48 | 0.99, 2.23 | 0.0567 | 1.32 | 0.95, 1.84 | 0.1020 |
| Cyber-attacks | 0.78 | 0.42, 1.42 | 0.4118 | 1.05 | 0.60, 1.84 | 0.8710 |
| Stolen/damaged belongings | 1.50 | 0.60, 3.76 | 0.3878 | 1.42 | 0.80, 2.53 | 0.2307 |
|
| ||||||
| Screen time (≤2 hours/day vs. >2 hours/day) | ||||||
| Watching TV/movies | 1.06 | 0.80, 1.40 | 0.6817 | 0.92 | 0.79, 1.07 | 0.2749 |
| Playing video/computer games | 0.62 | 0.45, 0.87 | 0.0053 | 0.85 | 0.67, 1.08 | 0.1800 |
| Talking on the phone | 0.74 | 0.53, 1.04 | 0.0803 | 0.89 | 0.67, 1.19 | 0.4473 |
| Surfing the Internet | 0.88 | 0.65, 1.18 | 0.3852 | 0.94 | 0.78, 1.13 | 0.4808 |
| Texting/messaging/emailing | 0.73 | 0.56, 0.95 | 0.0204 | 0.88 | 0.72, 1.06 | 0.1826 |
The values in bold represent statistically significant results (p<0.05). All models were adjusted for school clustering. WP = weight perception; PA = physical activity; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; GEE = General Estimating Equations; BMI = body mass index; BMI classification based on self-reported height and weight and age- and sex-adjusted cutoffs. bBased on PA guidelines for youth doing at least 60 minutes of MVPA per day on average and strengthening exercises at least 3 days a week.