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. 2020 Jun 4;8:83. doi: 10.1186/s40168-020-00843-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Krill oil (KO) enhanced intracellular bacterial killing in macrophages and regulated the expression of various macrophage marker genes in vitro. a Genes and Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to monocyte differentiation. b KO reversed the effect of LPS on M1 macrophage related marker genes. c M2 macrophage activation related genes were upregulated by KO. d LPS-induced expression of IL12B (d) and CXCL10 (e) was significantly inhibited by KO and COX2 and IKK2 inhibitors, alone or in combination. f KO enhanced intracellular bacterial killing of Citrobacter rodentium as the number of the bacteria surviving the gentamicin protection assay was significantly reduced. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001 (LPS vs. NC)