Fig. 2.

Forest plot demonstrating meta-analysis of flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the outcome of stone-free rate for lower pole stones at 3 months. Sener and colleagues (2014) [32] and Pearle and colleagues (2005) [27] included stones ≤10mm; Singh and colleagues (2014) [33] included stones 10–20 mm; Kumar and colleagues (2013) [29] and Salem and colleagues (2013) [31] included stones ≤20 mm. Kumar and colleagues [29] reported results for stones 0–9.99 mm and 10–20 mm individually, whilst Salem and colleagues [31] only reported results for stones ≤20 mm. All studies reported the stone-free rate at 3 months, except Singh and colleagues [33] who reported the stone-free rate at 1 month. CI confidence interval, df degrees of freedom, M-H Mantel–Haenszel