Table 1.
Causes of acute liver failure and its survival outcome in Asia and the West
| Author | Country | n | Viral hepatitis (%) | DILI (%) | Indeterminate cause (%) | Transplant‐free survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhao10 | China | 177 | 11.3 | 43.5%: THR 16.9% | 29.4 | 33% |
| Oketani11 | Japan | 460 | 46.1 | 14.6% | 29.6 | 37.5% |
| Ho12 | Taiwan | 218 | 45.4 | 18.8%: PCM 11% | 13.3 | 60% |
| Khuroo13 | India | 180 | 68.3 | 0.6% | 31.1 | 31.3% |
| Kumar14 | India | 1223 | 43 | ATT 7% | 38 | ATT 33%; HEV 54%; indeterminate cause 38% |
| Bower8 | US | 49 | 10 | PCM 44.9% | NA | 48.9% |
| Ostapowicz15 | US | 308 | 13 | 52%: PCM 39%; IDR 13% | 17 | 43% |
| Reuben16 | US | 1198 | 11.1% | NA | 27.1% (DILI only) | |
| Marudanayagam17 | UK | 1237 | 3.7 | 68.1%: PCM 61.3% | 15 | 71.1% |
| Bernal18 | UK | 2095 | PCM 59.9% | NA | NA | |
| Escorsell19 | Spain | 267 | 37 | 19.5% | 32 | 43.6% |
ATT, antituberculosis treatment; DILI, drug‐induced liver injury; HEV, hepatitis E virus; IDR, idiopathic drug reaction; PCM, paracetamol; THR, traditional herbal remedy.