Table 1.

Characteristics of the Included Studies.

Author, Year	Cancer Type	Intervention	Participants (Gender, Number, Age)	Intervention	Duration and Timing of Exercise	Observation Period	Measure (Outcome)
Courneya et al,24 2014	Breast	Ex1 = aerobic exercise Ex2 = resistance training vs Con = usual care	% female = 100% Ex = 160 <50 years = 90 >50 years = 70 Con = 82 <50 years = 42 >50 years = 40	Aerobic exercise: 3 times/week, beginning at 60% of their VO2max for 1-6 weeks and progressing to 70% during 7-12 weeks and 80% beyond 12 weeks. Exercise duration began at 15 minutes for 1-3 weeks and increased by 5 minutes every 3 weeks until 45 minutes at 18 weeks. Resistance exercise (3 times/week): performing 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions of 9 different exercises at 60% to 70% of their estimated 1 repetition maximum.	Duration of chemotherapy, beginning 1-2 weeks after starting chemotherapy and ending 3 weeks after completing chemotherapy (at least 18 weeks)	8 years	DFS, mortality, DDFS, RFI
Dhillon et al,22 2017	Lung	Ex = aerobic exercise vs Con = usual care	% female = 45% Ex = 56 64 (38-80) years Con = 55 64 (34-76) years	Increasing recreational physical activity (PA) by>3 MET h/week. Sessions lasted 1 hour; 45-minute PA; 15-minute behavior support. PA was predominantly aerobic, and home-based PA was encouraged.	Ambulatory treatment 8 weeks	6 months	Mortality, PA, accelerometers (min/day)
Hayes et al,23 2017	Breast	Ex = aerobic and resistance exercise vs Con = usual care	% female = 100% Ex = 207 51.7 ± 8.8 years Con = 130 53.9 ± 8.3 years	Aerobic-based and resistance-based: 180+ minutes, moderate-intensity exercise, to be accumulated on at least 4 days per week. Commencing at 6 weeks postsurgery.	Postsurgery Home exercise 8 months	96 months	Mortality, DFS
Jones et al,25 2014	Mix	Ex = aerobic training vs Con = usual care	% female = 26% Ex = 47 64 ± 10 years Con = 43 66 ± 11 years Patients with heart failure	Supervised aerobic training (treadmill or stationary cycle ergometer) sessions per week lasting 20 to 45 minutes per session at 60% to 70% of heart rate reserve.	Ambulatory treatment Home exercise 12 weeks	12 months	All-cause mortality
Licker et al,26 2017	Mix	Ex = high-intensity interval training vs Con = usual care	% female = 40% Ex = 74 64 ± 13 years Con = 77 64 ± 10 years	After a 5-minute warm-up period at 50% at peak work rate (peakWR); two 10-minute series of 15-second sprint intervals (at 80% to 100% peakWR) interspersed by 15-second pauses and a 4-minute rest between the 2 series; cooled down with a 5-minute active recovery period at 30% peakWR.	Presurgery Ambulatory treatment (2-3 times/week)	30 days	Postoperative 30-day mortality
Rief et al,19 2014	Mix	Ex = resistance training vs Con = control	% female = 45% Ex = 30 61.3 ± 10.1 years Con = 30 64.1 ± 10.9 years	Resistance training: 30 minutes	During hospitalization 2 weeks	12 weeks	Mortality, pain score
Rief et al,20 2016	Mix	Ex = resistance training vs Con = passive physical therapy	% female = 45% Ex = 30 61.3 ± 10.1 years Con = 30 64.1 ± 10.9 years	Resistance training: 30 minutes	During hospitalization 2 weeks	10 months (range = 2-35 months)	Mortality, PFS, bone survival
Wiskemann et al,21 2015	Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant	Ex = endurance exercises and resistance exercises vs Con = usual care	% female = 33% Ex = 50 48.2 ± 14.5 years Con = 53 50.0 ± 12.4 years	A combination of endurance exercises, 3 to 5 times weekly, and resistance exercises twice weekly, with each session lasting 20 to 40 minute.	After allogeneic stem cell transplantation Before and after hospital admission After discharge: 8 weeks	2 years	NRM, TM

Abbreviations: Ex, exercise group; Con, control group; VO_2max, maximum rate of oxygen consumption; DFS, disease-free survival; DDFS, distant DFS; RFI, recurrence-free interval; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PFS, progression-free survival; NRM, non-relapse mortality; TM, total mortality.