Table 1.

Second-level entries of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways with significant differences between the chronic kidney disease (CKD) group and the healthy controls (HC).

Pathway	CKD (M ± SD)	HC (M ± SD)	P value	FDR
Digestive System	0.0033 ± 0.0013	0.0056 ± 0.0034	<0.0001	<0.0001
Cell Motility	0.0032 ± 0.0014	0.0057 ± 0.0038	<0.0001	<0.0001
Endocrine System	0.0037 ± 0.0010	0.0055 ± 0.0027	<0.0001	0.0001
Environmental Adaptation	0.0036 ± 0.0011	0.0055 ± 0.0031	<0.0001	0.0001
Immune System	0.0038 ± 0.0012	0.0055 ± 0.0027	0.0001	0.0005
Translation	0.0039 ± 0.0011	0.0055 ± 0.0027	0.0001	0.0005
Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0002	0.0010
Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0002	0.0010
Metabolism of Terpenoids and Polyketides	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0003	0.0010
Metabolic Diseases	0.0039 ± 0.0010	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0003	0.0010
Folding, Sorting and Degradation	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0003	0.0010
Biosynthesis of Other Secondary Metabolites	0.0039 ± 0.0011	0.0054 ± 0.0028	0.0003	0.0010
Nucleotide Metabolism	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0004	0.0013
Replication and Repair	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0005	0.0014
Cell Growth and Death	0.0040 ± 0.0011	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0005	0.0014
Cancers	0.0040 ± 0.0014	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0007	0.0017
Enzyme Families	0.0040 ± 0.0013	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0009	0.0023
Genetic Information Processing	0.0041 ± 0.0013	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0011	0.0023
Immune System Diseases	0.0039 ± 0.0013	0.0054 ± 0.0030	0.0011	0.0023
Metabolism of Other Amino Acids	0.0041 ± 0.0014	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0012	0.0024
Amino Acid Metabolism	0.0040 ± 0.0012	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0012	0.0024
Nervous System	0.0040 ± 0.0011	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0014	0.0027
Energy Metabolism	0.0041 ± 0.0013	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0017	0.0030
Infectious Diseases	0.0042 ± 0.0019	0.0053 ± 0.0026	0.0020	0.0034
Signal Transduction	0.0041 ± 0.0019	0.0054 ± 0.0029	0.0023	0.0037
Cellular Processes and Signaling	0.0042 ± 0.0016	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0031	0.0047
Poorly Characterized	0.0042 ± 0.0014	0.0054 ± 0.0026	0.0031	0.0047
Lipid Metabolism	0.0041 ± 0.0013	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0033	0.0048
Transport and Catabolism	0.0041 ± 0.0011	0.0054 ± 0.0028	0.0037	0.0052
Transcription	0.0042 ± 0.0015	0.0054 ± 0.0027	0.0086	0.0117
Carbohydrate Metabolism	0.0042 ± 0.0014	0.0053 ± 0.0027	0.0110	0.0145
Xenobiotics Biodegradation and Metabolism	0.0043 ± 0.0017	0.0053 ± 0.0026	0.0121	0.0155
Signaling Molecules and Interaction	0.0042 ± 0.0011	0.0053 ± 0.0026	0.0150	0.0187
Metabolism	0.0044 ± 0.0017	0.0053 ± 0.0026	0.0246	0.0297
Membrane Transport	0.0044 ± 0.0019	0.0053 ± 0.0027	0.0364	0.0427

Notes: M ± SD, mean  ±  standard deviation; FDR, false discovery rate.