Table 1.
Demographic and Disease Characteristics and Baseline Fatigue and Depression Scores of Participants.
| Variable | All Subjects (N = 94) | Males (n = 48) | Females (n = 46) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 58.3 ± 9.0 | 59.8 ± 10.4 | 56.7 ± 6.9 | .089 |
| Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 11 (11.7) | 4 (9.3) | 7 (14.6) | .355 |
| Race, n (%) | .026 | |||
| White | 31 (33.0) | 21 (44) | 10 (21.7) | |
| African American | 51 (54.3) | 22 (45.8) | 29 (63) | |
| Asian American | 3 (3.2) | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Native American/Pacific Islander | 2 (2.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Diabetes-specific | ||||
| DM duration (years), mean ± SD (range) | 8.3 ± 6.9 (1–30) | 8.4 ± 7.5 (1–30) | 8.2 ± 6.3 (1–28) | .894 |
| Metformin, n (%) | 67 (71.3) | 32 (66.7) | 35 (76.1) | .590 |
| Insulin therapy, n (%) | 30 (32.0) | 15 (34.9) | 15 (32.6) | .834 |
| HbA1c, mean ± SD mmol/mol | 61 ± 23.0 | 54 ± 16.4 | 65 ± 24 | .009 |
| NGSP (%) | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 2.2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD (range) | 33.1 ± 6.8 (20.1–67.3) | 30.8 ± 5.3 (20.1–44.5) | 35.4 ± 7.4 (24.6–67.3) | .001 |
| Baseline PROMIS score | ||||
| Fatigue, mean ± SD | 50.6 ± 8.3 | 47.8 ± 8.7 | 52.9 ± 7.3 | .005 |
| Depression, mean ± SD | 50.1 ± 7.6 | 48.9 ± 7.6 | 51.0 ± 7.6 | .255 |
Note. DM = diabetes mellitus; NGSP = National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; BMI = body mass index; PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems.