Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants by Study Group.
| Subject Characteristics | KMC | Control | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years)a | 30.1 ± 4.9 | 28.1 ± 6.9 | .245 |
| Graviditya | 3.7 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 2.7 | .454 |
| Paritya | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | .125 |
| Gestation at birth (weeks)a | 32.0 ± 2.6 | 31.4 ± 2.1 | .405 |
| Gestation corrected (weeks)a | 31.8 ± 2.5 | 31.3 ± 2.1 | .430 |
| Gestation at sampling (weeks)a | 31.8 ± 2.5 | 31.4 ± 2.1 | .559 |
| Birth weighta (g) | 1827 ± 492 | 1642 ± 545 | .210 |
| 1-min Apgara | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 6.6 ± 2.5 | .647 |
| 5-min Apgara | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 7.8 ± 1.4 | .260 |
| SNAPPE II scores on day of samplingb | 0.0 (0–49) | 0.0 (0–49) | .675 |
| Infant gender, malec | 10 (38.5) | 16 (64.0) | .068 |
| Ethnicityc | .027* | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 15 (57.7) | 5 (20.0) | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 6 (23.1) | 9 (36.0) | |
| Hispanic/Mexican | 5 (19.2) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Others | 0 (0) | 3 (12.0) | |
| Mode of birthc | .681 | ||
| Vaginal | 11 (44.0) | 7 (30.4) | |
| Planned CS | 13 (52.0) | 15 (65.2) | |
| Emergency CS | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.3) | |
| Mode of oxygen delivery | .341 | ||
| Spontaneous RA | 17 (65.4) | 11 (45.8) | |
| Nasal cannula/HFNC | 5 (19.2) | 4 (16.7) | |
| NCPAP | 4 (15.4) | 6 (25.0) | |
| NIPPV | 0 (0) | 1 (4.2) | |
| SIMV | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) |
Note. CS = cesarean; HFNC = high-flow nasal cannula; KMC = kangaroo mother care; NCPAP = nasal continuous positive airway pressure; NIPPV = nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation; RA = room air; SIMV = synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation.
a Values represent mean ± SD. bValues represent median (min–max). cValues represent n (%).
* Significant at an α of .05.