Table 1.
Sepsis biomarkers, except for C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), that have been evaluated for their diagnostic value in clinical studies with more than 300 subjects
| Biomarker [ref] | No. of patients | Sepsis definition | Study population | Reference group | Sensitivity/specificity (%) | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interleukin (IL)-27 [10] | 702 | Positive blood cultures | Pediatric ICU patients with infection | Non-infected critical care patients | 84/63 | 0.75 |
| Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins [11] | 573 | Positive blood cultures | Neonates with sepsis | Neonates with risk factors for sepsis | 89/99 | 0.9 |
| Group II phospholipase A2 [12] | 525 | ACCP 1992 | ED patients with sepsis | ED patients with suspected infection (with and without SIRS) | NR (logistic regression analysis) | NR |
| Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein [12] | 525 | ACCP 1992 | ED with sepsis | ED patients with suspected infection (with and without SIRS) | NR (logistic regression analysis) | NR |
| CD64 [13] | 468 | International Sepsis Definitions Conference 2001 | Non-selected ICU population with sepsis | ICU patients admitted without sepsis | 89/87 | 0.94 |
| Selenoprotein P [14] | 378 | ACCP 1992 | Non-selected population with sepsis or septic shock | Healthy individuals | NR (no test) | NR |
| Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [15] | 327 | ACCP 1992 | Surgical patients without sepsis at admission | Surgical patients with SIRS without sepsis | 60/62 | 0.66 |
| Syndecan-1 [16] | 512 | International Sepsis Definitions Conference 2001 | Trauma patients (4 h after admission) without sepsis | Trauma patients without sepsis | NR (logistic regression analysis) | NR |
| Presepsin [17] | 440 | Sepsis-3 | ICU patients with sepsis | ICU patients without sepsis | 89/59 | 0.76 |
| IL-6 [18] | 306 | SIRS and organ dysfunction, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, or lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L plus infection | ED patients with suspected sepsis | ED patients with SIRS and organ dysfunction, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, or lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L without infection | NR | 0.86 |
ED emergency department, ICU intensive care unit, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, NR not reported, AUC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve