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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2018 Dec 17;234(5):5863–5879. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26419

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Effect of PKAc and EPAC1 depletion on adenosine- and ATPγS-induced EC barrier enhancement. HLMVECs were transfected with nonspecific siRNA (nsRNA), PKAcα specific (a) or EPAC1 specific (b) silencing RNAs. Three days after transfection HLMVECs were treated with 50 μM Ado (left panel) or ATPγS (right panel) and changes in TER was recorded. Arrows indicate the time points of ATPγS and Ado administration. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Depletion of PKA catalytic subunit or EPAC1 (insets) was confirmed by western blot analysis. Ado: adenosine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATPγS: adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]-triphosphate; EPAC1: exchange factor 3; HLMVEC: human lung microvascular endothelial cell; PKA: protein kinase A; TER: transendothelial electrical resistance