Table 2.
Innate immune sensing in T cells.
| PRR/adaptor | Function | Model/agonist | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| MyD88 | ↑ Disease susceptibility (71) | Toxoplasma gondii | Mouse |
| ↑ Clonal expansion, ↑ survival (72) |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) | ||
| ↑ Survival, ↑ disease induction, ↑ Th1 and Th17 differentiation (60, 73) ↑ Expression of anti-apoptotic molecules (73) |
Colitis | ||
| TLR2 | ↑ Anti-apoptotic molecules, ↑ Survival, ↑ proliferation (65, 68) |
Pam(3)CysSK(4) | Mouse |
| ↑ Th17 differentiation, ↑ Th17 cytokine production (64) |
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | ||
| ↑ Tregs proliferation, ↑ survival (65, 89–91) ↑ Inhibitory Treg function (89, 91) ↓ Inhibitory Treg function (65, 90) |
Pam3CysSK4 (65), HSP90 (90), Candida albicans (91) Bacteroides fragilis (92) |
||
| ↓ Chemotaxis (87), ↓ Th1 responses (88, 89) |
HSP60 | Human/mouse | |
| TLR3 | ↑ Anti-apoptotic molecules, ↑ Survival (58) |
Ligation with poly(I:C) | Mouse |
| TLR4/MyD88 | ↑ Adherence, ↑ chemotaxis (70) |
Ligation with LPS | Human |
| TLR4 | ↑ Th17 differentiation, ↑ Th17 cytokine production (75) |
EAE | Mouse |
| ↓ Th1 responses (92) | Colitis | ||
| TLR7 | ↑ Th1 cell death (59) | Leishmania donovani | Mouse |
| ↓ Th17 differentiation (93) | EAE | ||
| ↓ Proliferation, anergy (62) | HIV-1 | Human | |
| TLR9/MyD88 | ↑ Anti-apoptotic molecules, ↑ Survival (58), ↑ proliferation (67) |
Ligation with CpG | Mouse |
| RIG-I | ↓ Proliferation, ↑ apoptosis (79) |
Dermatomyositis | Human |
| LPG2 | ↑ Survival, ↓ death receptor signaling (80) |
RNA viruses | Mouse |
| STING | ↓ Proliferation (76) | Activating STING mutations | Human/mouse |
| ↑ ER stress, ↑ apoptosis (78, 94) |
DMXAA (78), CMA (95) | Mouse | |
| NLRC3 | ↓ Th1 proliferation, ↓ Th17 proliferation, ↓ Cell metabolism (81) |
LCMV, EAE | Mouse |
| Unknown nucleic acid sensor | ↑ Co-stimulatory responses, ↑ Th2 differentiation (97) |
Ligation with TLR ligands, synthetic NA analogs, self-DNA from dead cells | Mouse |