TABLE 3.

Genetic control of carotenoid concentration in major cereal grains.

Crop	Trait	Gene effects	References
Wheat	Yellow pigment concentration	Additive	Clarke et al. (2006)
Wheat	β-carotene	Digenic epistasis (additive × dominance)	Santra et al. (2005)
Maize	β-carotene	Incompletely dominant	Hauge and Trost (1928)
Maize	Carotenoids	Additive	Kandianis et al. (2013)
Maize	β-carotene	Additive	Jittham et al. (2017)
Maize	Provitamin A	Non-additive	Halilu et al. (2016)
Pearl millet	β-carotene	Non-additive	Khangura et al., 1980
Sorghum	β-carotene	Additive	Fernandez et al. (2008)