TABLE 1.
Summary of copper-associated proteins and their functions in plants.1
| Type | Protein | Function |
| Cell Surface/Secretory Compartment Transporters and Receptors | ||
| P1B-Type ATPases | Proteins concerned with export of Cu+ | |
| Ctr (copper transporter) | Proteins involved in import of Cu+ | |
| Ethylene receptor | Cu acts as a cofactor and activates ethylene signaling | |
| Electron transfer/Blue Cu proteins | ||
| Cytochrome c oxidase | Plays an important role in the last step of respiration | |
| Plastocyanin | Electron transfer during photosynthesis | |
| Free Radical Scavenging | ||
| Cu/Zn SOD | Scavenger of free radicals | |
| Oxidase | ||
| Laccase | Oxidative de-amination of polyamines | |
| Ascorbate oxidase | Regulates redox state of the cell | |
| Amine oxidase | Involved in cell wall maturation, lignification, Oxidizes diamines | |
| Polyphenol oxidase | Plays an important role in defensive mechanisms against pests and pathogens | |
| Transcriptional regulators | ||
| Spl7 | Transcriptional activator which gets activated in response to reduced Cu levels. | |
| Chaperons/Storage | ||
| Atx1 (Antioxidant protein 1) | A metal chaperone carrying Cu to P-Type ATPases | |
| Ccs (Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase) | Transports Cu to Cu/Zn SOD1 |
1Based on the literature appraised in the paper.