Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with baseline kidney functional MRI
| Characteristic | All Patients, n=122 | Active Treatment, n=89 | Placebo, n=33 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women, % | 43 (35) | 32 (36) | 11 (33) |
| Age, yr | 65±12 | 65±13 | 66±10 |
| Race, % | |||
| White | 71 (58) | 55 (62) | 16 (49) |
| Black | 38 (31) | 24 (27) | 14 (42) |
| Other | 13 (11) | 10 (11) | 3 (9) |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 63 (52) | 50 (56) | 13 (39) |
| Cause of CKD, % | |||
| Diabetic kidney disease | 50 (41) | 37 (42) | 13 (40) |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 26 (21) | 19 (21) | 7 (21) |
| Other | 14 (11) | 10 (11) | 4 (12) |
| Unknown | 10 (8) | 7 (8) | 3 (9) |
| GN | 9 (7) | 4 (4) | 5 (15) |
| Obstructive uropathy | 5 (4) | 5 (6) | 0 (0) |
| Other interstitial nephritis | 4 (3) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Renal artery stenosis | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Hereditary nephritis | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 2.1±0.5 | 2.1±0.5 | 2.2±0.5 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 32±9 | 32±9 | 32±9 |
| UACR, mg/g | 171 [23–601] | 158 [21–543] | 187 [24–647] |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.9±1.7 | 12.8±1.7 | 13.0±1.7 |
| Cortical ADC, ×10−3 mm2/s | 1.45±0.17 | 1.44±0.16 | 1.49±0.17 |
| Cortical R2*, s−1 | 20.3±3.17 | 20.3±3.35 | 20.2±2.67 |
Participants in the active treatment group received lanthanum carbonate and nicotinamide, lanthanum carbonate and nicotinamide placebo, or lanthanum carbonate placebo and nicotinamide. Participants in the placebo group received double placebo treatment. Values for categorical variables presented as count (percentage); values for continuous variables presented as mean±SD or median [interquartile range]. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; R2*, relaxation rate.