Table 3.
Associations of plasma endothelin-1 concentration with death
| Plasma Endothelin-1, ng/ml | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable/Model | Quartile 1, 0.26–1.56 | Quartile 2, 1.57–2.02 | Quartile 3, 2.02–2.71 | Quartile 4, 2.71–14.51 | Continuous Endothelin-1, per 1-SD log-ET | P Value |
| No. (%) of deaths during follow-up | 45 (23) | 52 (26) | 66 (34) | 90 (45) | — | — |
| Death incidence rate, per 100 person-yr | 10.7 | 12.3 | 16.6 | 24.1 | — | — |
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| Model 1: adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, systolic BP, diabetes as cause of kidney failure, hemodialysis access, vintage, and history of cardiovascular disease | Reference | 1.45 (0.96 to 2.18) | 1.90 (1.28 to 2.82) | 3.15 (2.15 to 4.60) | 1.59 (1.39 to 1.81) | <0.001 |
| Model 2: model 1 plus albumin, ferritin, and eKt/V | Reference | 1.51 (1.00 to 2.27) | 1.98 (1.34 to 2.94) | 3.08 (2.11 to 4.51) | 1.55 (1.36 to 1.76) | <0.001 |
| Model 3: model 2 plus iron, TIBC, LDH, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet count, RDW, PTH, phosphate, calcium, and ultrafiltration volume | Reference | 1.37 (0.90 to 2.09) | 1.74 (1.15 to 2.63) | 2.44 (1.61 to 3.70) | 1.46 (1.26 to 1.69) | <0.001 |
log-ET, natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1; —, not included in the stepwise selection model; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; eKt/V, equilibrated Kt/V; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; WBC, white blood cell; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; PTH, parathyroid hormone.