Dose-response curves for the self-administration of cocaine, methamphetamine, MDPV, and α-PVP in each of 4 rhesus monkeys (M1-M4) responding under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. Data represent the mean (± 1 SEM) for the total number of infusions earned for cocaine (0.0032-0.32 mg/kg/inf), methamphetamine (0.0032-0.1 mg/kg/inf), MDPV (0.001-0.1 mg/kg/inf) and α-PVP (0.001-0.1 mg/kg/inf; left ordinate), as well as the corresponding final ratio completed (right ordinate).