Table 4. Disorders and interventions studied in mental health clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from October 1, 2007 to April 30, 2018.
| Total | Time Period | Funder | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early 2007–2012 | Late 2013–2018 | P-value | Industry | AMC/Hosp/Oth | US Govt | P-value | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Disorder Category | n = 6,302 | n = 2,840 | n = 3,462 | n = 1,109 | n = 2,863 | n = 2,330 | ||
| Substance | 1976 (31.4) | 952 (33.5) | 1024 (29.6) | 0.00087 | 214 (19.3) | 765 (26.7) | 997 (42.8) | <0.0001 |
| Depression | 1122 (17.8) | 522 (18.4) | 600 (17.3) | 0.29 | 228 (20.6) | 548 (19.1) | 346 (14.8) | <0.0001 |
| Non-DSM | 1108 (17.6) | 376 (13.2) | 732 (21.1) | <0.0001 | 112 (10.1) | 639 (22.3) | 357 (15.3) | <0.0001 |
| Neurodevelopment | 611 (9.7) | 273 (9.6) | 338 (9.8) | 0.87 | 175 (15.8) | 313 (10.9) | 123 (5.3) | <0.0001 |
| Trauma | 578 (9.2) | 283 (10) | 295 (8.5) | 0.053 | 34 (3.1) | 184 (6.4) | 360 (15.5) | <0.0001 |
| Schizophrenia | 516 (8.2) | 244 (8.6) | 272 (7.9) | 0.31 | 190 (17.1) | 182 (6.4) | 144 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety | 402 (6.4) | 151 (5.3) | 251 (7.3) | 0.0021 | 61 (5.5) | 228 (8.0) | 113 (4.8) | <0.0001 |
| Sleep | 295 (4.7) | 140 (4.9) | 155 (4.5) | 0.43 | 82 (7.4) | 113 (3.9) | 100 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Bipolar | 244 (3.9) | 134 (4.7) | 110 (3.2) | 0.002 | 52 (4.7) | 125 (4.4) | 67 (2.9) | 0.0065 |
| OCD | 131 (2.1) | 57 (2.0) | 74 (2.1) | 0.79 | 22 (2.0) | 84 (2.9) | 25 (1.1) | 0.00017 |
| Feeding | 127 (2) | 61 (2.1) | 66 (1.9) | 0.56 | 20 (1.8) | 62 (2.2) | 45 (1.9) | 0.72 |
| Neurocognitive | 85 (1.3) | 21 (0.7) | 64 (1.8) | 0.00023 | 3 (0.3) | 65 (2.3) | 17 (0.7) | <0.0001 |
| Disruptive | 36 (0.6) | 14 (0.5) | 22 (0.6) | 0.56 | 2 (0.2) | 20 (0.7) | 14 (0.6) | 0.15 |
| Sexual | 31 (0.5) | 12 (0.4) | 19 (0.5) | 0.59 | 14 (1.3) | 15 (0.5) | 2 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Personality | 26 (0.4) | 12 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 1.0 | 3 (0.3) | 17 (0.6) | 6 (0.3) | 0.12 |
| Somatic | 16 (0.3) | 3 (0.1) | 13 (0.4) | 0.062 | 0 (0) | 10 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 0.15 |
| Movement | 5 (0.1) | 1 (0) | 4 (0.1) | 0.49 | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0.03 |
| Dissociative | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1.0 | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.38 |
| Gender | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.18 |
| Paraphilic | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.57 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 0.18 |
| Intervention | n = 6,302 | n = 2,840 | n = 3,462 | n = 1,109 | n = 2,863 | n = 2,330 | ||
| Behavioral | 2489 (39.5) | 1008 (35.5) | 1481 (42.8) | <0.0001 | 71 (6.4) | 1249 (43.6) | 1169 (50.2) | <0.0001 |
| Pharmaceutical (Pharm) | 2189 (34.7) | 1234 (43.5) | 955 (27.6) | <0.0001 | 849 (76.6) | 792 (27.7) | 548 (23.5) | <0.0001 |
| Other (Oth) | 803 (12.7) | 254 (8.9) | 549 (15.9) | <0.0001 | 108 (9.7) | 455 (15.9) | 240 (10.3) | <0.0001 |
| Beh + Pharm | 254 (4.0) | 125 (4.4) | 129 (3.7) | 0.2 | 18 (1.6) | 114 (4.0) | 122 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Beh + Oth | 240 (3.8) | 85 (3.0) | 155 (4.5) | 0.0027 | 7 (0.6) | 104 (3.6) | 129 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Pharm + Oth | 264 (4.2) | 109 (3.8) | 155 (4.5) | 0.23 | 49 (4.4) | 127 (4.4) | 88 (3.8) | 0.46 |
| Beh + Pharm + Oth | 63 (1.0) | 25 (0.9) | 38 (1.1) | 0.46 | 7 (0.6) | 22 (0.8) | 34 (1.5) | 0.018 |
Total number of trials by disorder category and interventions studied is included in the left-most column. The data are stratified by period of submission (early and late) and by funder (Industry, AMC/Hosp/Oth, and US Govt). ‘AMC/Hosp/Oth’ denotes Academic Medical Centers/Hospitals/Other. ‘US Govt’ denotes United States Government, which includes NIH (National Institutes of Health) and US Federal agency funders. Refer to S2 Table for a description of the disorders included under each disorder category. Of note, the total percentage of trials in the ‘Disorder’ category is greater than 100%, as some trials studied more than one disorder category and were counted in each category. For intervention types, ‘Beh’ denotes Behavioral, ‘Pharm’ denotes pharmaceutical, and ‘Oth’ denotes Other. See methods for the interventions included in each of these categories. Trials in which multiple intervention types were tested are labeled with all relevant interventions (e.g. a trial testing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was labeled ‘Beh + Pharm’).