Table 4.
Observational and 1-sample MR Associations Between BMI, WHR, and Type 2 Diabetes and Benign Nodular Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Cancer in Men and Women
| Characteristic | OR Benign Nodular Disease | 95% CI | P Value | OR Thyroid Cancer | 95% CI | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female BMI | ||||||
| Measured | 1.18 | 1.10-1.26 | 4.2 × 10-6 | 1.02 | 0.89-1.18 | 0.74 |
| 1-sample MR | 0.93 | 0.63-1.38 | 0.71 | 0.87 | .036-2.09 | 0.75 |
| Male BMI | ||||||
| Measured | 1.06 | 0.92-1.21 | 0.42 | 1.02 | 0.82-1.27 | 0.87 |
| 1-sample MR | 0.80 | 0.34-1.88 | 0.6 | 3.13 | 0.73-13.43 | 0.12 |
| Female WHR | ||||||
| Measured | 1.14 | 1.07-1.22 | 1.2x104 | 1.05 | 0.92-1.22 | 0.46 |
| 1-sample MR | 1.45 | 0.85-2.50 | 0.17 | 1.05 | 0.33-3.30 | 0.94 |
| Male WHR | ||||||
| Measured | 1.22 | 1.07-1.40 | 3.1 × 10-3 | 1.30 | 1.05-1.62 | 1.7 × 10-2 |
| 1-sample MR | 1.69 | 0.50-5.66 | 0.4 | 3.67 | 0.56-24.12 | 0.18 |
| Female WHR adjusted for BMI | ||||||
| Measured | 1.08 | 1.01-1.16 | 2.1 × 10-2 | 1.04 | 0.91-1.20 | 0.57 |
| 1-sample MR | 1.00 | 0.79-1.26 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 0.45-1.20 | 0.22 |
| Male WHR adjusted for BMI | ||||||
| Measured | 1.20 | 1.06-1.37 | 5.6 × 10-3 | 1.34 | 1.09-1.67 | 6.5 × 10-3 |
| 1-sample MR | 1.36 | 0.80-2.29 | 0.25 | 1.04 | 0.46-2.33 | 0.93 |
P values calculated using logistic regression adjusted for age, with smoking status, alcohol consumption, Townsend deprivation index, BMI, and T2DM used as covariates for measured values.
adjWHR, WHR adjusted for BMI; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. WHR, waist-hip ratio.