Table 1.
Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline*.
| Characteristic | Invasive Strategy (N = 388) | Conservative Strategy (N = 389) | All Patients (N = 777) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR) — yr | 62 (55–69) | 64 (56–70) | 63 (55–70) | |
| Male sex — no. (%) | 268 (69.1) | 267 (68.6) | 535 (68.9) | |
| Race — no./total no. (%)† | ||||
| White | 244/373 (65.4) | 237/374 (63.4) | 481/747 (64.4) | |
| Black | 33/373 (8.8) | 30/374 (8.0) | 63/747 (8.4) | |
| Asian | 91/373 (24.4) | 100/374 (26.7) | 191/747 (25.6) | |
| Multiple races | 5/373 (1.3) | 7/374 (1.9) | 12/747 (1.6) | |
| Severity of ischemia — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Moderate | 242/387 (62.5) | 234/388 (60.3) | 476/775 (61.4) | |
| Severe | 141/387 (36.4) | 152/388 (39.2) | 293/775 (37.8) | |
| Risk factor — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 349/386 (90.4) | 362/387 (93.5) | 711/773 (92.0) | |
| Diabetes | 226/388 (58.2) | 218/389 (56.0) | 444/777 (57.1) | |
| Current smoker | 46/388 (11.9) | 38/389 (9.8) | 84/777 (10.8) | |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 62/387 (16.0) | 71/389 (18.3) | 133/776 (17.1) | |
| Prior heart failure | 65/388 (16.8) | 70/389 (18.0) | 135/777 (17.4) | |
| Prior stroke | 36/388 (9.3) | 32/389 (8.2) | 68/777 (8.8) | |
| Peripheral-artery disease | 25/388 (6.4) | 23/389 (5.9) | 48/777 (6.2) | |
| Previous intervention — no. (%) | ||||
| PCI | 74 (19.1) | 72 (18.5) | 146 (18.8) | |
| CABG | 14 (3.6) | 14 (3.6) | 28 (3.6) | |
| Median left ventricular ejection fraction (IQR) — % | 58 (50–63) | 58 (50–64) | 58 (50–64) | |
| Renal transplantation — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| History of procedure | 9/388 (2.3) | 15/389 (3.9) | 24/777 (3.1) | |
| On waiting list | 37/358 (10.3) | 57/366 (15.6) | 94/724 (13.0) | |
| Dialysis | ||||
| With end-stage renal disease — no. (%) | 198 (51.0) | 217 (55.8) | 415 (53.4) | |
| Median duration (IQR) — yr | 3 (1–6) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–5) | |
| Type of dialysis — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 162/196 (82.7) | 182/215 (84.7) | 344/411 (83.7) | |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 32/196 (16.3) | 28/215 (13.0) | 60/411 (14.6) | |
| Estimated GFR among those not receiving dialysis | ||||
| Median (IQR) — ml/min/1.73 m2 | 23 (16–27) | 23 (17–27) | 23 (17–27) | |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| <15 | 28/190 (14.7) | 23/172 (13.4) | 51/362 (14.1) | |
| 15 to <30 | 162/190 (85.3) | 149/172 (86.6) | 311/362 (85.9) | |
| Seattle Angina Questionnaire‡ | ||||
| Median summary score (IQR) | 78 (60–94) | 79 (64–92) | 79 (63–94) | |
| Median angina frequency score (IQR) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (80–100) | |
| Distribution — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Daily or weekly angina | 43/358 (12.0) | 47/366 (12.8) | 90/724 (12.4) | |
| Monthly angina | 138/358 (38.5) | 145/366 (39.6) | 283/724 (39.1) | |
| No angina | 177/358 (49.4) | 174/366 (47.5) | 351/724 (48.5) | |
| Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class — no./total no. (%)§ | ||||
| I | 72/388 (18.6) | 83/388 (21.4) | 155/776 (20.0) | |
| II | 147/388 (37.9) | 151/388 (38.9) | 298/776 (38.4) | |
| III | 15/388 (3.9) | 16/388 (4.1) | 31/776 (4.0) | |
| New York Heart Association class — no. (%) | ||||
| I | 65 (16.8) | 71 (18.3) | 136 (17.5) | |
| II | 139 (35.8) | 139 (35.7) | 278 (35.8) | |
| III | 0 | 1 (03) | 1 (01) | |
| Type of stress testing — no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Nuclear imaging | 234/387 (60.5) | 245/388 (63.1) | 479/775 (61.8) | |
| Echocardiography | 79/387 (20.4) | 73/388 (18.8) | 152/775 (19.6) | |
| Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging | 0 | 1/388 (0.3) | 1/775 (0.1) | |
| Exercise stress test | 74/387 (19.1) | 69/388 (17.8) | 143/775 (18.5) | |
Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. CABG denotes coronary-artery bypass grafting, GFR glomerular filtration rate, IQR in terquartile range, and PCI percutaneous coronary intervention.
Race was reported by the patient.
On the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, a score of 0 to 60 indicates daily or weekly angina, a score of 61 to 99 monthly angina, and a score of 100 no angina. Data were excluded from four sites (42 patients) because of improper completion of forms. In addition, data were missing for 11 other patients.
Canadian Cardiovascular Society classes of angina are I (angina only with strenuous exertion), II (slight limitation of physical activity), III (marked limitation of physical activity), and IV (inability to perform any physical activity without angina); class IV angina was an exclusion criterion for the trial.