Table 3.
Association between ACEI/ARBs and hospital and ICU admissions
| Events | Admissions within the whole cohort | ICU admissions within the admitted cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | ||||||
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
| ACEI/ARBs | 2.27 | 1.63-3.16 | < .001 | 1.36 | 0.64-2.90 | .427 |
| ACEI/ARBs ≥ 1 y | 2.51 | 1.76-3.58 | < .001 | 1.81 | 0.84-3.90 | .127 |
| ACEI | 2.01 | 1.24-3.28 | .005 | 1.72 | 0.64-4.61 | .281 |
| ACEI ≥ 1 y | 1.89 | 1.10-3.27 | .022 | 2.57 | 0.93-7.14 | .070 |
| ARBs | 2.09 | 1.42-3.08 | < .001 | 0.99 | 0.40-2.43 | .981 |
| ARBs ≥ 1 y | 2.54 | 1.67-3.87 | < .001 | 1.19 | 0.48-2.96 | .703 |
| Multivariate analysis* | ||||||
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
| ACEI/ARBs | 0.85 | 0.45-1.64 | .638 | 0.87 | 0.30-2.50 | .798 |
| ACEI/ARBs ≥ 1 y | 1.08 | 0.58-1.99 | .808 | 1.13 | 0.37-3.42 | .828 |
| ACEI | 0.78 | 0.38-1.60 | .505 | 0.97 | 0.22-4.16 | .962 |
| ACEI ≥ 1 year | 0.59 | 0.27-1.28 | .182 | 1.23 | 0.27-5.60 | .787 |
| ARBs | 1.10 | 0.59-2.04 | .757 | 0.84 | 0.25-2.87 | .786 |
| ARBs ≥ 1 y | 1.57 | 0.82-2.99 | .173 | 1.02 | 0.28-3.64 | .979 |
| Propensity score matching | ||||||
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
| ACEI/ARBs | 1.11 | 0.59-2.11 | .744 | 1.00 | 0.22-4.45 | 1.000 |
| ACEI/ARBs ≥ 1 y | 0.96 | 0.50-1.85 | .909 | 1.50 | 0.34-6.70 | .596 |
| ACEI | 1.01 | 0.44-2.28 | .988 | 0.65 | 0.07-5.97 | .651 |
| ACEI ≥ 1 y | 0.83 | 0.32-2.18 | .709 | 1.05 | 0.01-1.06 | .968 |
| ARBs | 1.22 | 0.62-2.41 | .572 | 1.16 | 0.25-5.47 | .847 |
| ARBs ≥ 1 y | 1.06 | 0.52-2.18 | .871 | 1.54 | 0.32-7.33 | .586 |
95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio.
Whole cohort: adjustment for those variables with a P < .05 in the univariate analysis (days with symptoms, fever, arterial oxygen saturation < 95%, age, sex, health personnel, institutionalized, dependency status, dementia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ventricular dysfunction, lung disease, previous cancer, hypothyroidism, antiplatelet therapy). ICU admitted cohort: adjustment for those variables with a P < .05 in the univariate analysis (arterial oxygen saturation < 95%, diabetes mellitus, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, lymphocytes, creatinine, elevated troponin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) (table 2 of the supplementary data).