Table 2.

Tracheostomy care guidelines. HME (Humidity-Moisture Exchange), HEPA ((High Efficiency Particulate Air), NE (Not specified).

Country	Last Update	COVID-19 Status	Airway protection for patients	Tracheal tube changes by healthcare workers	Voice Prosthesis changes	Other
Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery. (Spain) [30]	March 26, 2020	COVID-19 Negative COVID-19 Suspected or Positive.	HME filter, surgical mask over the tracheal stoma when is indicated or HEPA filter. HME filter or HEPA filter.	Basic PPE (Gloves, Goggles, Surgical mask or FFP2, gown) Full PPE.	Basic PPE Full PPE	No Aspiration on close suction system.
French Society of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. (France) [25]	April 9, 2020	Any patient should be considered as potentially infected	NE	Apron or surgical gown. Forehead protection to protect skin exposure. Gloves. Goggles. FFP2 – N95 Mask.	NE	If the patient is ventilated on the tracheostomy cannula, ask the anesthesiologist to sedate the patient and perform a neuromuscular block to reduce any risk of coughing during the change of the cannula.